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Switching action modes of miR408-5p mediates auxin signaling in rice
miR408-5p typically regulates target IAA30 via translation repression, but switches to cleaving IAA30 mRNA under high auxin conditions. miR393, miR156, miR408-5p and their targets could hierarchically act in auxin pathway and regulate leaf inclination.
- Fuxi Rong
- , Yusong Lv
- & Liang Wu
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Article
| Open Access
A double-stranded RNA binding protein enhances drought resistance via protein phase separation in rice
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and development. Here, the authors identify a dsRNA-binding protein positively regulates rice drought resistance through promoting stability of OsNCED4 mRNAs, transcript of a key gene for the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, via protein phase separation.
- Huaijun Wang
- , Tiantian Ye
- & Lizhong Xiong
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Article
| Open Access
Natural variation in OsMYB8 confers diurnal floret opening time divergence between indica and japonica subspecies
Florets of indica rice open earlier than japonica rice, hindering utilization of the cross subspecies heterosis. Here, the authors show that an OsMYB8-OsJAR1 module regulates diurnal floret opening time divergences between the two subspecies.
- Yajun Gou
- , Yueqin Heng
- & Rongxin Shen
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Article
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Copine proteins are required for brassinosteroid signaling in maize and Arabidopsis
Brassinosteroids play vital role in plant growth and development. Here, the authors demonstrate that the plasma membrane-associated copine proteins are new components required for the receptor complex functioning in BR signaling in maize and Arabidopsis.
- Teng Jing
- , Yuying Wu
- & Mingyue Gou
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Article
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Petal abscission is promoted by jasmonic acid-induced autophagy at Arabidopsis petal bases
In angiosperms, petal abscission is crucial for reproductive success and seed dispersion. However, the regulation of this abscission remains unclear. Here, the authors identify a process of petal abscission regulated by jasmonic acid via autophagy at the base of Arabidopsis petals.
- Yuki Furuta
- , Haruka Yamamoto
- & Nobutoshi Yamaguchi
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Article
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BPG4 regulates chloroplast development and homeostasis by suppressing GLK transcription factors and involving light and brassinosteroid signaling
The authors identify BPG4, a novel regulator of chloroplast development. BPG4 directly suppresses transcriptional activity of GLK to fine-tune photosynthesis associated nuclear gene expression, and regulates chloroplast development and homeostasis.
- Ryo Tachibana
- , Susumu Abe
- & Takeshi Nakano
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Matters Arising
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GAS2 encodes a 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase involved in ABA catabolism
- Theo Lange
- , Nadiem Atiq
- & Maria João Pimenta Lange
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Article
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Streptomyces alleviate abiotic stress in plant by producing pteridic acids
Soil microbiota can increase crop resilience to abiotic stressors. Here the authors show that Streptomyces produce bioactive spiroketal polyketides to enhance plant growth under drought and salt stress.
- Zhijie Yang
- , Yijun Qiao
- & Ling Ding
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Article
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Petal size is controlled by the MYB73/TPL/HDA19-miR159-CKX6 module regulating cytokinin catabolism in Rosa hybrida
Expression of MIR159 is attenuated by a MYB73/TPL/HDA19 repression complex during rose petal development. Reduced MIR159 levels lead to accumulation of Cytokinin Oxidase 6, causing cytokinin clearance and subsequent arrest of cell division.
- Weikun Jing
- , Feifei Gong
- & Nan Ma
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Article
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Endocytosis-mediated entry of a caterpillar effector into plants is countered by Jasmonate
The authors find that cotton bollworms secrete effectors into plant to weaken JA signaling via host endocytosis system while JA inhibits endocytosis to restrict effector imports. The defense and counter-defense loop between effector and JA reflects a robust arms race between plant and insect.
- Zi-Wei Yan
- , Fang-Yan Chen
- & Ying-Bo Mao
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Article
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UV-B irradiation-activated E3 ligase GmILPA1 modulates gibberellin catabolism to increase plant height in soybean
Gibberellins (GA) negatively regulate UVB-mediated suppression of plant height in plants. Here, the authors show that GmILPA1-mediated degradation of GmGA2ox-like protein counteract the UV-B-mediated reduction of bioactive GAs contributing to the linkage between the affection of UV-B and GA on plant height of soybean.
- Jiaqi Sun
- , Shiyu Huang
- & Fengning Xiang
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Article
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The CBL1/9-CIPK1 calcium sensor negatively regulates drought stress by phosphorylating the PYLs ABA receptor
ABA signaling and Ca2+ signaling regulatory networks are crucial for how plants respond to drought stress. Here, the authors reported that the functional module of the CBL1/9-CIPK1-PYLs regulatory network plays a negative role in ABA signaling and its response to drought stress.
- Zhang You
- , Shiyuan Guo
- & Cun Wang
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Article
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A translational regulator MHZ9 modulates ethylene signaling in rice
The authors identify a GYF domain-containing protein MHZ9 in rice, which regulates ethylene signaling by directly binding to OsEBF1/2 and other mRNAs thus regulating their translation efficiency in P-body via interacting with OsEIN2.
- Yi-Hua Huang
- , Jia-Qi Han
- & Jin-Song Zhang
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Article
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Symbiont-host interactome mapping reveals effector-targeted modulation of hormone networks and activation of growth promotion
Pathogens secrete effectors to promote disease, symbionts might use them to confer benefits. Here, the authors identify 106 candidate effectors from the symbiont Serendipita indica, characterise their interactions, and reveal their roles in regulating phytohormone signalling and promoting growth.
- Rory Osborne
- , Laura Rehneke
- & Patrick Schäfer
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Article
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Fertilization controls tiller numbers via transcriptional regulation of a MAX1-like gene in rice cultivation
Here the authors show that fertilization controls rice tiller numbers through the transcription of a rice MAX1-like gene involved in strigolactone biosynthesis. Promoter variation lines have the potential to improve yield when fertilizer is limited.
- Jinying Cui
- , Noriko Nishide
- & Takeshi Izawa
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Article
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PXL1 and SERKs act as receptor–coreceptor complexes for the CLE19 peptide to regulate pollen development
CLE19 is a secreted peptide required for pollen development and other processes in Arabidopsis. Here the authors show that PXL1 and SERKs act as receptors and co-receptors for CLE19 and regulate tapetum transcriptional networks that promote pollen development.
- Ying Yu
- , Wen Song
- & Fang Chang
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Article
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Different viral effectors suppress hormone-mediated antiviral immunity of rice coordinated by OsNPR1
Plant viruses have evolved various virulence strategies to overcome plant immunity. Here the authors show that distinct viral proteins repress JA-SA crosstalk by targeting rice NPR1 protein to facilitate viral infection
- Hehong Zhang
- , Fengmin Wang
- & Zongtao Sun
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Article
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Coordinated regulation of vegetative phase change by brassinosteroids and the age pathway in Arabidopsis
Zhou et al. reveal a novel role for brassinosteroids in regulation of vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis. Brassinosteroids regulate this process by simultaneously stabilizing SPL9 and TOE1 through the BIN2-mediated phosphorylation process.
- Bingying Zhou
- , Qing Luo
- & Gang Wu
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Article
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UDP-glucosyltransferase OsUGT75A promotes submergence tolerance during rice seed germination
Elongated coleoptile contributes submergence tolerance during germination of direct seeded rice. Here, the authors show that natural variation of rice coleoptile length is determined by the glycosyltransferase encoding gene OsUGT75A by reducing free ABA and JA levels through glycosylation of these two phytohormones.
- Yongqi He
- , Shan Sun
- & Zhoufei Wang
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Article
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CEP peptide and cytokinin pathways converge on CEPD glutaredoxins to inhibit root growth
C-terminally encoded peptide (CEP) and cytokinin (CK) hormones modulate plant root architecture in response to environmental cues. The results show that CEP and CK pathways utilise CEPD glutaredoxins in separate organs to curb primary root growth.
- Michael Taleski
- , Kelly Chapman
- & Michael A. Djordjevic
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Article
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MicroRNA156 conditions auxin sensitivity to enable growth plasticity in response to environmental changes in Arabidopsis
Plants respond to light and temperature changes via the photoreceptor phytochrome B and the phytohormone auxin. Here the authors reveal microRNA156 as a previously uncharacterized developmental signal that gates environmentally regulated plant growth by licensing auxin sensitivity.
- Qing Sang
- , Lusheng Fan
- & Xuemei Chen
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Article
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Ethylene-triggered subcellular trafficking of CTR1 enhances the response to ethylene gas
Park et al. show that upon exposure to ethylene gas, CTR1, which normally has a negative effect on ethylene signaling, translocates into the nucleus and enhances the plant’s response to ethylene by stabilizing the EIN3 transcription factor.
- Hye Lin Park
- , Dong Hye Seo
- & Gyeong Mee Yoon
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Article
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The B-type response regulator GmRR11d mediates systemic inhibition of symbiotic nodulation
Cytokinin is essential for regulation of nodulation. Here, the authors identified a B-type response regulator GmRR11d that governs a transcriptional program associated with nodulation and cytokinin activation essential for systemic regulation of nodulation.
- Jiahuan Chen
- , Zhijuan Wang
- & Xia Li
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Article
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Specification of female germline by microRNA orchestrated auxin signaling in Arabidopsis
In most flowering plants, a single megaspore mother cell (MMC) is formed in each ovule. Here the authors show that miR160 and the auxin response factor ARF17 act to promote MMC fate via SPL/NZZ and control auxin signaling to prevent somatic cells from acquiring MMC fate.
- Jian Huang
- , Lei Zhao
- & Dazhong Zhao
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Article
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Independently evolved viral effectors convergently suppress DELLA protein SLR1-mediated broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in rice
Plant viruses adopt diverse strategies to inhibit host antiviral defense. Here the authors show that multiple different effectors from various rice viruses interfere with host gibberellin signaling by targeting the DELLA protein SLR1.
- Lulu Li
- , Hehong Zhang
- & Zongtao Sun
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Article
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Nutrient regulation of lipochitooligosaccharide recognition in plants via NSP1 and NSP2
Lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) perception by legumes is required to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen fixing bacteria. Here the authors show that nutrient starvation can activate LCO perception in cereals to promote symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
- Xin-Ran Li
- , Jongho Sun
- & Giles E. D. Oldroyd
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Article
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Strigolactones are chemoattractants for host tropism in Orobanchaceae parasitic plants
Parasitic plants are able to grow towards potential hosts. Here the authors show that strigolactones produced by the host plants can act as chemoattractants for the root parasites Phtheirospermum japonicum and Striga hermonthica.
- Satoshi Ogawa
- , Songkui Cui
- & Ken Shirasu
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Article
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Regulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR condensation and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning
Auxin-driven transcriptional responses are mediated by ARF transcription factors. Here the authors characterize an F-box protein, AFF1, that regulates the accumulation, condensation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of ARF19 and ARF7.
- Hongwei Jing
- , David A. Korasick
- & Lucia C. Strader
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Article
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Probing strigolactone perception mechanisms with rationally designed small-molecule agonists stimulating germination of root parasitic weeds
Strigolactone agonists could potentially help control noxious weeds by promoting suicidal germination. Here the authors describe a series of small molecule agonists that stimulate germination via the Striga ShHTL7 receptor and show that stereochemistry and hydrolysis-independent signalling mediate potency.
- Dawei Wang
- , Zhili Pang
- & Zhen Xi
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Article
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An ancestral function of strigolactones as symbiotic rhizosphere signals
Strigolactones (SLs) regulate angiosperm development and promote symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Here the authors show that bryosymbiol, an SL present in bryophytes and angiosperms, promotes AM symbiosis in Marchantia paleacea suggesting an ancestral function of SLs as rhizosphere signals.
- Kyoichi Kodama
- , Mélanie K. Rich
- & Junko Kyozuka
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Article
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Nitrogen represses haustoria formation through abscisic acid in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum
Parasitic plants obtain nutrients from their hosts. Here the authors show that nitrogen sufficiency suppresses parasitism in the root parasite Phtheirospermum japonicum by increasing levels of the phytohormone ABA suggesting that the degree of parasitism is regulated by nutrient availability.
- Anna Kokla
- , Martina Leso
- & Charles W. Melnyk
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Article
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Mechanosensory trichome cells evoke a mechanical stimuli–induced immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant immunity can be induced by pathogen signals or environmental cues. Here, the authors show that plant leaves use trichomes to sense incoming raindrops and trigger basal defence responses to protect against subsequent microbial infection.
- Mamoru Matsumura
- , Mika Nomoto
- & Yasuomi Tada
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Article
| Open Access
Oxicam-type non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit NPR1-mediated salicylic acid pathway
The plant defense hormone salicylic acid has structural similarity to oxicam-type non-steroidal antiinflammatories. Here the authors show oxicams, as well as endogenous salicylic acid, can alter cellular redox state and immune signaling without affecting the redox status of cysteines in NPR1.
- Nobuaki Ishihama
- , Seung-won Choi
- & Ken Shirasu
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Article
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The main oxidative inactivation pathway of the plant hormone auxin
Auxin inactivation plays important roles in plant development. Here the authors show that the main route of IAA inactivation in Arabidopsis is via conjugation by GH3 IAA-amidosynthetases followed by DAO1 dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of the conjugated forms and hydrolysis by ILR1 to release inactive oxIAA.
- Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- , Kazushi Arai
- & Kosuke Fukui
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Article
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Nitrate restricts nodule organogenesis through inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus
Nodule development in legumes is a cytokinin dependent process. Here the authors show that high nitrate supply, which limits nodulation, suppresses cytokinin biosynthesis in Lotus japonicus which contrasts with the positive effect of nitrate on cytokinin biosynthesis in non-legumes
- Jieshun Lin
- , Yuda Purwana Roswanjaya
- & Dugald Reid
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Article
| Open Access
Integrated omics networks reveal the temporal signaling events of brassinosteroid response in Arabidopsis
Brassinosteroids (BR) regulate plant development and stress responses. Here, by integrating multiple omics datasets and inferring networks, the authors profile BR signaling in Arabidopsis and characterize BRONTOSAURUS, a BR-regulated transcription factor that impacts cell division in roots.
- Natalie M. Clark
- , Trevor M. Nolan
- & Justin W. Walley
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Article
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Cytokinin regulates vegetative phase change in Arabidopsis thaliana through the miR172/TOE1-TOE2 module
The antagonistic activities of miR156 and miR172 regulate juvenile-to-adult phase transition during plant shoot growth. Here the authors show that cytokinin promotes this transition by increasing miR172 abundance which in turn represses the activity of the transcriptional regulators TOE1 and TOE2.
- Sören Werner
- , Isabel Bartrina
- & Thomas Schmülling
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Article
| Open Access
An ethylene biosynthesis enzyme controls quantitative variation in maize ear length and kernel yield
Considerable genetic variation exists in maize ear size and kernel number. Here the authors show that variation in a gene encoding an ethylene biosynthetic enzyme impacts ear length, flower fertility and kernel yield suggesting an important role for ethylene signaling during inflorescence development.
- Qiang Ning
- , Yinan Jian
- & Zuxin Zhang
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Article
| Open Access
A bacterial kinase phosphorylates OSK1 to suppress stomatal immunity in rice
XopC2 effectors are present in many plant bacterial pathogens. Here the authors show that XopC2 has kinase activity and enhances disease susceptibility by phosphorylating the OSK1 protein, which increases its interaction with the jasmonate receptor COI1b to promote JA signaling and stomatal opening.
- Shanzhi Wang
- , Shuai Li
- & Wenxian Sun
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Article
| Open Access
Local auxin biosynthesis acts downstream of brassinosteroids to trigger root foraging for nitrogen
Flowering plants elongate their lateral roots under mild nitrogen deficiency to enhance nutrient acquisition. Here the authors show that natural variation of this response depends on local auxin biosynthesis that acts downstream of brassinosteroids to determine lateral root extension.
- Zhongtao Jia
- , Ricardo F. H. Giehl
- & Nicolaus von Wirén
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Article
| Open Access
Warm temperature triggers JOX and ST2A-mediated jasmonate catabolism to promote plant growth
Plants undergo morphological changes to enhance cooling at warm temperatures. Here Zhu et al. show that JOXs and ST2A enzymes, which mediate jasmonate catabolism, contribute to this process by reducing the level of bioactive jasmonate facilitating growth responses.
- Tingting Zhu
- , Cornelia Herrfurth
- & Ive De Smet
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Article
| Open Access
Coordination of biradial-to-radial symmetry and tissue polarity by HD-ZIP II proteins
The apical style in Arabidopsis is formed following a bilateral-to-radial symmetry transition in the gynoecium. Here the authors show that the final step in style radialization is coordinated by the adaxial regulators HAT3 and ATHB4, which are induced by the SPT and HEC transcription factors.
- Monica Carabelli
- , Luana Turchi
- & Laila Moubayidin
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Article
| Open Access
The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis
Plants respond to warmth via growth processes termed thermomorphogenesis. Here, via a phosphoproteomics approach, the authors show that the mitogen activated protein kinase TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis in both wheat and Arabidopsis and modifies brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.
- Lam Dai Vu
- , Xiangyu Xu
- & Ive De Smet
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Article
| Open Access
Initiation and amplification of SnRK2 activation in abscisic acid signaling
SnRK2 kinase activity is rapidly activated in response to ABA. Here the authors show that initial activation of SnRK2s is achieved by B2 and B3 RAF kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the activation loop and that transphosphorylation between SnRK2s then amplifies the response.
- Zhen Lin
- , Yuan Li
- & Pengcheng Wang
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Article
| Open Access
Cell kinetics of auxin transport and activity in Arabidopsis root growth and skewing
Auxin gradients regulate plant root growth and development. Here the authors manipulate auxin synthesis in specific root cell types and use single-cell nucleus tracking and morphokinetics to map directional auxin flow in the root and quantify the kinetics of meristem skewing.
- Yangjie Hu
- , Moutasem Omary
- & Eilon Shani
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Article
| Open Access
Cloning of wheat keto-acyl thiolase 2B reveals a role of jasmonic acid in grain weight determination
It has been reported that several phytohormones are involved in the regulation of grain weight, but the role of jasmonic acids (JA) remains elusive. Here, via bulked segregant analysis (BSA)-based cloning, the authors show keto-acyl thiolase 2B involved in β-oxidation during JA synthesis is a positive regulator of wheat grain weight.
- Yun Chen
- , Yan Yan
- & Jin-Ying Gou
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Article
| Open Access
Cell-surface receptors enable perception of extracellular cytokinins
The main site of cytokinin perception in plant cells is thought to be the endoplasmic reticulum where most cytokinin receptors localise. Here via the use of bioactive probes that cannot enter plant cells and super-resolution microscopy, Antoniadi et al. show that cytokinin can also be perceived at the plasma membrane.
- Ioanna Antoniadi
- , Ondřej Novák
- & Colin Turnbull
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Article
| Open Access
Cytokinin fluoroprobe reveals multiple sites of cytokinin perception at plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum
Cytokinin receptors predominantly localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, Kubiasová et al. use a cytokinin fluoroprobe to show that ER-localized cytokinin receptors can enter the secretory pathway, reach the plasma membrane and undergo vesicular recycling, suggesting multiple sites of cytokinin perception.
- Karolina Kubiasová
- , Juan Carlos Montesinos
- & Lukáš Spíchal
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Article
| Open Access
Ethylene-independent signaling by the ethylene precursor ACC in Arabidopsis ovular pollen tube attraction
Ethylene is synthesized from the non-proteinogenic amino acid ACC. Here, Mou et al. show that ACC itself acts independently of ethylene to trigger secretion of a pollen tube attractant in the sporophytic tissue of Arabidopsis ovules and can activate Ca2+-currents via GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE channels.
- Wangshu Mou
- , Yun-Ting Kao
- & Caren Chang
An ARF gene mutation creates flint kernel architecture in dent maize