Nitrosylation articles from across Nature Portfolio

Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly emerging. Here, Shu et al demonstrate that transcriptional regulation by S-nitrosylation underlies vancomycin resistance.

Here the authors demonstrate that de novo DNA methylation mediated by DNMT3B is regulated by nitric oxide (NO). They also isolate a unique modulator (DBIC) that inhibits S-nitrosylation of DNMT3B, which mitigates cell proliferation and tumorigenic conversion in vivo.

The role of the post-translational modifications in tissue regeneration is still not clearly understood. Here, the authors show that many nuclear proteins change S-nitrosylation state in the regenerating zebrafish tailfin, highlighting the importance of Kdm1a S-nitrosylation in the repair process.

S-nitrosylation can influence many pathophysiological processes. Here the authors show that the coupling efficiency of GNAI2 with CXCR5 is enhanced by S-nitrosylation of GNAI2, leading to Hippo-YAP dysfunction in endothelium, and plays a role in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.

New findings demonstrate that endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulates major metabolic pathways in the kidney proximal tubule, which confers protection against oxidative stress during acute kidney injury (AKI). These findings give new insights into AKI pathophysiology and nitric oxide biology, and identify new targets for the treatment of AKI.

Protein S-nitrosylation is thought to be mediated primarily by nitric oxide synthases. S-nitrosylated GAPDH is now shown to function within signal transduction cascades as a nuclear nitrosylase. Along with other recent demonstrations of regulated protein–protein transnitrosylation, these findings point to a new mechanism of signal transduction with transformative implications for nitric oxide biology and redox signalling.