Neurons and astrocytes cooperate metabolically but differ in key aspects of their metabolism, including the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, the authors show that mitochondrial ROS produced in astrocytes affect neuronal metabolism and mouse memory and behaviour.

Learning improves perceptual decisions by enhancing the brain's ability to filter noise and irrelevant information. Here, the authors show that GABAergic inhibition in decision-making circuits supports our ability to optimize perceptual judgments through learning and experience.

Helen Schwerdt et al. report micro-invasive probes capable of monitoring chemical signaling in the rat brain for over a year. The probes have diameters as small as single neuronal cell bodies and can monitor sub-second fluctuations in chemical signaling without significant induction of inflammation or tissue damage.