A miniaturized 128-electrode brain implant enables wireless closed-loop neuromodulation with artefact cancellation in a non-human primate.

The development of systems combining rapid volumetric imaging with three-dimensional tracking has enabled the measurement of brain-wide dynamics in freely behaving animals such as worms, flies, and fish. These advances provide an exciting opportunity to understand the organization of neural circuits in the context of voluntary and natural behaviors. In this Comment, we highlight recent progress in this burgeoning area of research.

In mice, long-term potentiation of hippocampal–nucleus accumbens synapses is required for the formation of reward-related memories.

The combination of spinal epidural stimulation and physical therapy is restoring walking function to people with spinal cord injury. With intensive rehabilitation, some participants are able to walk in their communities during stimulation and even regain control over previously paralyzed movement in the absence of stimulation.

A population of spinal excitatory interneurons can be targeted for the maintenance of respiratory function after spinal cord injury in mice.