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Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including umbilical cord, bone marrow and fat tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells can self-renew by dividing and can differentiate into multiple tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle and fat cells, and connective tissue.
Angelozzi et al. uncover key mechanisms involved in physiological and pathological bone mass remodeling by showing that SOXC transcription factors regulate the bone formation and resorption balance via critical roles in LepR+ mesenchymal stem cells.
Antigen-specific immunosuppression can be enhanced by genetically modifying mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, as shown for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease in mice.
Adipogenesis of adipose progenitor cells is considered metabolically beneficial. Two laboratories have simultaneously discovered that adipose progenitors also give rise to structural WNT-regulated adipose tissue-resident (SWAT) cells during adipogenesis to maintain the progenitor pool.
New research shows that combining a hydrogel with nanozymes to modify the hypoxic, inflammatory joint environment in rheumatoid arthritis enables stem cells to promote osseointegration.
Coating mesenchymal stromal cells with a soft gel incorporating specific chemomechanical cues that enhance the production of collagenases enhances the ability of the cells to inhibit aberrant tissue remodelling in mice with fibrotic lungs.
De novo adipocyte differentiation ensures healthy adipose tissue expansion and protects against deleterious ectopic lipid deposition in the setting of overnutrition. Dong and Sun et al. identify a molecular brake on adipogenesis that may contribute to the development of insulin resistance in obesity.
