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Chemokines are a class of cytokine protein that act as signalling molecules, regulating immune and inflammatory responses; for example, modulating cell migration properties and localization of target cells such as leucokytes. The biological functions of chemokines are typically mediated by signalling through G protein-coupled chemokine receptors.
A study in mice to identify mechanisms through which a mucosal Klebsiella pneumoniae vaccine elicits Th17 tissue resident memory cells in the lungs reveals a major role for IL-1a signaling and highlights the utility of IL-1a as a mucosal adjuvant.
Tph1 subset expresses IL21 to show B cell helper function, while Tph2 subset expresses high levels of cytotoxicity-related molecules and low IL21. Tph1 and Tph2 subsets exert distinct immunological functions in the clinical manifestations in SLE.
A new mouse model of sleep deprivation reveals a potent pathway by which sleep-related changes in prostaglandin D2 in the central nervous system can affect the peripheral immune system.
An approach that increases the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in vascular cells by targeting a microRNA-based repressive pathway attenuates atherosclerosis in mice and promotes atheroprotective functions in human and mouse vascular cells in vitro.
After acute injury to skeletal muscle, an ‘early responder’ subtype of stromal cells rapidly produces an array of inflammatory mediators. Disruption of this response causes abnormal accumulation of several adaptive lymphocyte populations, a prolongation of inflammation, and an effect on tissue regeneration.
The magnitude and quality of the germinal center response after vaccination decline with age. We found that T follicular helper (TFH) cells are enriched in the dark zone of germinal centers in aged mice, which impairs the expansion of the follicular dendritic cell network upon immunization and reduces antibody responses.
Several panels of naturally arising antibodies against specific chemokines are closely correlated with various favorable COVID-19 outcomes, raising an opportunity to target the chemokine system for long COVID treatment.
