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| Open AccessDrifting discrete Jovian radio bursts reveal acceleration processes related to Ganymede and the main aurora
Jovian short bursts (S-bursts) are induced by the Io-Jupiter interaction. Here, the authors show a drifting radio burst detection method and report S-bursts related to Ganymede-Jupiter interaction and to Jovian aurora.
- Emilie Mauduit
- , Philippe Zarka
- & Sébastien L. G. Hess
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Article
| Open AccessWhistler-mode chorus waves at Mars
Although whistler-mode chorus waves are common in the Earth’s and other planetary magnetospheres, the mechanism behind fast frequency chirping is debated. Here, the authors show the presence of chorus emissions at Mars, with fundamentally the same nonlinear nature as those at Earth, despite vastly different magnetic and plasma conditions.
- Shangchun Teng
- , Yifan Wu
- & Xin Tao
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Article
| Open AccessDiffuse auroral precipitation driven by lower-band chorus second harmonics
Scattering by the upper- and lower-band chorus waves are the dominant cause of diffuse auroral precipitation. Here, the authors show that the lower-band chorus alone satisfies the preferred condition for the generation of second harmonics to trigger the diffuse auroral electron precipitation.
- Xiongdong Yu
- , Zhigang Yuan
- & H. O. Funsten
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Article
| Open AccessDirect observations of energy transfer from resonant electrons to whistler-mode waves in magnetosheath of Earth
Excitation of whistler-mode waves by cyclotron instability is considered as the likely generation process of the waves. Here, the authors show direct observational evidence for locally ongoing secular energy transfer from the resonant electrons to the whistler-mode waves in Earth’s magnetosheath.
- N. Kitamura
- , T. Amano
- & J. L. Burch
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| Open AccessSuperfast precipitation of energetic electrons in the radiation belts of the Earth
Energetic electron densities in the radiation belt increases during geomagnetic storms. Here, the authors show oblique whistler mode waves enhance electron losses and create strong fluxes of about 100 keV electrons precipitating into the atmosphere, that should be considered in radiation belt models.
- Xiao-Jia Zhang
- , Anton Artemyev
- & Ayako Matsuoka
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Article
| Open AccessLaboratory measurements of the physics of auroral electron acceleration by Alfvén waves
It was predicted that Alfvén waves can account for the acceleration of precipitating auroral electrons. Here, the authors show laboratory measurements of the resonant transfer of energy from Alfvén waves to electrons under conditions relevant to the auroral zone as a direct test.
- J. W. R. Schroeder
- , G. G. Howes
- & S. Dorfman
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Article
| Open AccessNetwork community structure of substorms using SuperMAG magnetometers
During geomagnetic substorms, the energy accumulated from solar wind is abruptly transported to ionosphere. Here, the authors show application of community detection on the time-varying networks constructed from all magnetometers collaborating with the SuperMAG initiative.
- L. Orr
- , S. C. Chapman
- & W. Guo
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| Open AccessA space hurricane over the Earth’s polar ionosphere
Hurricanes in the Earth’s low atmosphere are known, but not detected in the upper atmosphere earlier. Here, the authors show a long-lasting hurricane in the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere with large energy and momentum deposition despite otherwise extremely quiet conditions.
- Qing-He Zhang
- , Yong-Liang Zhang
- & Li-Dong Xia
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Article
| Open AccessNorthern preference for terrestrial electromagnetic energy input from space weather
Seasonally averaged energy input into the ionosphere from geospace is generally considered to be symmetric. Here, the authors show preference for electromagnetic energy input at 450 km altitude into the northern hemisphere, on both the dayside and the nightside, when averaged over season.
- I. P. Pakhotin
- , I. R. Mann
- & D. J. Knudsen
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Article
| Open AccessPlasmapause surface wave oscillates the magnetosphere and diffuse aurora
Theoretical studies suggested that plasmapause surface waves related to the sharp inhomogeneity exist and act as a source of geomagnetic pulsations. Here, the authors show direct observations of a plasmapause surface wave and its impacts during a geomagnetic storm using multi-satellite and ground-based observations.
- Fei He
- , Rui-Long Guo
- & Wei-Xing Wan
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| Open AccessVisualization of rapid electron precipitation via chorus element wave–particle interactions
Electron precipitation plays major role in magnetospheric physics and space weather. Here the authors show nonlinear behavior of the wave–particle interaction in the magnetosphere as the evolution of chorus electromagnetic waves detected by the Arase satellite and PWING observatory.
- Mitsunori Ozaki
- , Yoshizumi Miyoshi
- & Iku Shinohara
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Article
| Open AccessA diagnosis of the plasma waves responsible for the explosive energy release of substorm onset
The origin of geomagnetic substorms is still uncertain due to lack of comprehensive quantitative analyses. Here, the authors construct an observational dispersion relation of auroral forms that correspond to the explosive energy release from substorm onset.
- N. M. E. Kalmoni
- , I. J. Rae
- & C. Forsyth