Genetic transfer of mutations.
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Genetic transfer of mutations.
In F2 screens, a mutagen, such as ethylnitrosourea (ENU), is used to generate hundreds of point mutations in the male pre-meiotic germ cells (spermatogonia). ENU-treated males are crossed to wild-type females to produce the F1 heterozygous progeny. F1 fish are then crossed to siblings to create F2 families, half of which are genotypically heterozygous for a specific mutation (m), whereas the other half are wild type. F2 siblings are crossed, and the resulting F3 progeny are 25% wild type (+/+), 50% heterozygous (+/m) and 25% homozygous (m/m) for a recessive mutation.
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After the invention of whole-genome sequencing, we now know the sequences that make up an entire organism. Now what do they mean? To answer that, we turn back to linkage mapping in model organisms.
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