Gene trees and species trees can be incongruent for many reasons.

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Gene trees and species trees can be incongruent for many reasons.

Gene trees and species trees can be incongruent for many reasons. (A) Genes can have unequal rates of evolution. (B) Gene loss and gene duplication are common. (C) Gene flow can occur between lineages after their separation. (D) Recombination between neighboring regions can also lead to species phylogenies and gene histories that do not match.

This image is linked to the following Scitable pages:

Primate Speciation: A Case Study of African Apes

Biological anthropologists use genetic data to understand the evolutionary relationships that humans share with great apes and to examine how our genetic history differs from theirs.