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Fish Out of Water


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New fossils of fish with limblike fins excavated from arctic Canada now serve as a missing link in the evolution of animals from water onto land. Three nearly complete specimens of a flattened, alligatorlike fish species dubbed Tiktaalik roseae possess the scales, fins, snout and lower jaw of a fish, but they have the ribs, neck, skull, wrists and fingerlike bones of a land animal. Scientists had to dig the up to three-meter-long fossils out from icy rock in polar bear country, but they say the tundra resembled a subtropical version of today's Mississippi River delta when the fish was alive some 375 million years ago. The sharp-toothed predator's overlapping ribs would have produced a stiff trunk not required by fish buoyed up by water, suggesting it lived in the shallows, perhaps with excursions onto land, the researchers write in the April 6 Nature.

Charles Q. Choi is a frequent contributor to Scientific American. His work has also appeared in The New York Times, Science, Nature, Wired, and LiveScience, among others. In his spare time, he has traveled to all seven continents.

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Scientific American Magazine Vol 294 Issue 6This article was originally published with the title “Fish Out of Water” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 294 No. 6 (), p. 27
doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0606-27a