Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Original Article
  • Published:

Polymorphisms in the prostate-specific antigen gene promoter do not predict serum prostate-specific antigen levels in African-American men

Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases volume 9, pages 50–55 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

A major problem with the use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in predicting prostate cancer risk is the considerable variability of such measurements. Cramer et al. identified a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the upstream regulatory region of the PSA gene that were each associated with increased promoter activity and serum PSA, further suggesting that genotyping these SNPs could be useful in improving the predictive value of PSA screening. In order to replicate this finding, DNA samples from 475 African-American men were genotyped for the same SNPs and no association was observed with either serum PSA level or prostate cancer diagnosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A et al. Cancer Statistics 2005. Ca Cancer J Clin 2005; 55: 10–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bostwick DG, Burke HB, Djakiew D, Euling S, Ho SM, Landolph J et al. Human prostate cancer risk factors. Cancer 2004; 101: 2371–2490.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Stamey TA, Yang N, Hay AR, McNeal JE, Freiha FS, Redwine E . Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 909–916.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Grossfeld GD, Carroll PR . Prostate cancer early detection: a clinical perspective. Epidemiol Rev 2001; 23: 173–180.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Meitz JC, Edwards SM, Easton DF, Murkin A, Ardern-Jones A, Jackson RA et al. HPC2/ELAC2 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk: analysis by age of onset of disease. Br J Cancer 2002; 87: 905–908.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Kim J, Coetzee GA . Prostate specific antigen gene regulation by androgen receptor. J Cell Biochem 2004; 93: 233–241.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cramer SD, Chang BL, Rao A, Hawkins GA, Zheng SL, Wade WN et al. Association between genetic polymorphisms in the prostate-specific antigen gene promoter and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 1044–1053.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lewontin RC . The interaction of selection and linkage. I. General considerations; heterotic models. Genetics 1964; 49: 49–67.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schaid DJ, Rowland CM, Tines DE, Jacobson RM, Poland GA . Score tests for association between traits and haplotypes when linkage phase is ambiguous. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70: 425–434.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cooney KA, Strawderman MS, Wojno KJ, Doerr KM, Taylor A, Alcser KH et al. Age-specific distribution of serum prostate-specific antigen in a community-based study of African-American men. Urology 2001; 57: 91–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Diamandis EP, Yousef GM . Human tissue kallikrein gene family: a rich source of novel disease biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2001; 1: 182–190.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Rao A, Chang BL, Hawkins G, Hu JJ, Rosser CJ, Hall MC et al. Analysis of G/A polymorphism in the androgen response element I of the PSA gene and its interactions with the androgen receptor polymorphisms. Urology 2003; 61: 864–869.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Xue WM, Coetzee GA, Ross RK, Irvine R, Kolonel L, Henderson BE et al. Genetic determinants of serum prostate-specific antigen levels in healthy men from a multiethnic cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 2001; 10: 575–579.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Medeiros R, Morais A, Vasconcelos A, Costa S, Pinto D, Oliveira J et al. Linkage between polymorphisms in the prostate specific antigen ARE1 gene region, prostate cancer risk, and circulating tumor cells. Prostate 2002; 53: 88–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Xu J, Meyers DA, Sterling DA, Zheng SL, Catalona WJ, Cramer SD et al. Association studies of serum prostate-specific antigen levels and the genetic polymorphisms at the androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen genes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 2002; 11: 664–669.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nam RK, Zhang WW, Trachtenberg J, Jewett MA, Emami M, Vesprini D et al. Comprehensive assessment of candidate genes and serological markers for the detection of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 2003; 12: 1429–1437.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang LZ, Sato K, Tsuchiya N, Yu JG, Ohyama C, Satoh S et al. Polymorphisms in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene, risk of prostate cancer, and serum PSA levels in Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2003; 202: 53–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Xue W, Irvine RA, Yu MC, Ross RK, Coetzee GA, Ingles SA . Susceptibility to prostate cancer: interaction between genotypes at the androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen loci. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 839–841.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gsur A, Preyer M, Haidinger G, Zidek T, Madersbacher S, Schatzl G et al. Polymorphic CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene, prostate-specific antigen polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23: 1647–1651.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Chiang CH, Chen KK, Chang LS, Hong CJ . The impact of polymorphism on prostate specific antigen gene on the risk, tumor volume and pathological stage of prostate cancer. J Urol 2004; 171: 1529–1532.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Tekin A, Atsu N, Ozen H . Daily variability of serum prostate-specific antigen in men over 50 years of age. Int Urol Nephrol 2001; 33: 641–644.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Dejter Jr SW, Martin JS, McPherson RA, Lynch JH . Daily variability in human serum prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: a comparative evaluation. Urology 1988; 32: 288–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Heeringa SG, Alcser KH, Doerr K, Strawderman M, Cooney K, Medbery B et al. Potential selection bias in a community-based study of PSA levels in African-American men. J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54: 142–148.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Julie McLaughlin for assistance with data analysis and Lisa Robbins for expert secretarial support. We also gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School; the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Affymetrix and cDNA Microarray Core Facility; a Healthy Disparity Research Prostate Scholar Award from the Department of Defense, and the University of Michigan Prostate Cancer S.P.O.R.E. (CA069568).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    J L Beebe-Dimmer, A V Sarma & K A Cooney

  2. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    J L Beebe-Dimmer & A V Sarma

  3. Department of Genetics,

    L A Lange & E M Lange

  4. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    L A Lange & E M Lange

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    J E Cain, R C Lewis, A M Ray & K A Cooney

  6. Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    E M Lange

Authors
  1. J L Beebe-Dimmer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L A Lange
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J E Cain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R C Lewis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A M Ray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A V Sarma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. E M Lange
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. K A Cooney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J L Beebe-Dimmer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Beebe-Dimmer, J., Lange, L., Cain, J. et al. Polymorphisms in the prostate-specific antigen gene promoter do not predict serum prostate-specific antigen levels in African-American men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 9, 50–55 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.pcan.4500840

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.pcan.4500840

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links