1. ¹Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
2. ²Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
3. ³Department of Urology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

Correspondence: S Egawa, Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan. E-mail: s-egpro@jcom.home.ne.jp

Received 18 December 2003; Revised 15 February 2004; Accepted 25 February 2004.

Abstract

Detailed information is needed to understand the impact of biochemical failure (bF) on long-term outcome after definitive therapy for prostate cancer. In all, 223 consecutive men treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy were followed and long-term clinical outcome was investigated. Pathological examination revealed more locally advanced tumors in this study compared with the typical cohorts seen in the Western series. The Cox proportional hazards model indicates pretreatment prostate-specific antigen levels and risk group stratification to be a significant predictors for bF (P<0.05), but not for overall survival. Seminal vesicle involvement was a significant predictor of systemic progression, cancer death and overall survival (P<0.05). Positive surgical margin and bF were also found to be independent predictors of overall survival (P<0.05). In contrast to reports from Western countries, this study found a significant correlation between bF after radical prostatectomy and overall survival. This may reflect years-later detection of prostate cancer in Japan compared with Western series. Biochemical failure may ultimately be translated into decreased overall survival after sufficient follow-up.