Abstract
Chromatin modifications at core histones including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination play an important role in diverse biological processes. Acetylation of specific lysine residues within the N terminus tails of core histones is arguably the most studied histone modification; however, its precise roles in different cellular processes and how it is disrupted in human diseases remain poorly understood. In the last decade, a number of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) enzymes responsible for histone acetylation, has been identified and functional studies have begun to unravel their biological functions. The activity of many HATs is dependent on HAT complexes, the multiprotein assemblies that contain one HAT catalytic subunit, adapter proteins, several other molecules of unknown function and a large protein called TRansformation/tRanscription domain-Associated Protein (TRRAP). As a common component of many HAT complexes, TRRAP appears to be responsible for the recruitment of these complexes to chromatin during transcription, replication and DNA repair. Recent studies have shed new light on the role of TRRAP in HAT complexes as well as mechanisms by which it mediates diverse cellular processes. Thus, TRRAP appears to be responsible for a concerted and context-dependent recruitment of HATs and coordination of distinct chromatin-based processes, suggesting that its deregulation may contribute to diseases. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the function of TRRAP and TRRAP-containing HAT complexes in normal cellular processes and speculate on the mechanism underlying abnormal events that may lead to human diseases such as cancer.
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Acknowledgements
We apologize to many colleagues whose relevant works were not cited owing to space limitations. We thank Dr Uzma Hasan for critical reading of the manuscript. RM is supported by a PhD fellowship from la Ligue Nationale (Française) Contre le Cancer, France. The work by Z Herceg's team is supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI), USA; Association for International Cancer Research (AICR), UK; Institut National du Cancer (Epigenetic profiling Network, EpiPro), France; L’Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC), France; la Ligue Nationale (Française) Contre le Cancer, France; the European Network of Excellence Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility (ECNIS) and the Swiss Bridge Award.
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Murr, R., Vaissière, T., Sawan, C. et al. Orchestration of chromatin-based processes: mind the TRRAP. Oncogene 26, 5358–5372 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210605
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210605
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