1. ¹Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2. ²Division of Molecular Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence: Dr JA Rodriguez, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, KRIGO BR232, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: ja.rodriguez@vumc.nl

Received 8 September 2005; Revised 13 January 2006; Accepted 9 February 2006; Published online 20 March 2006.

Abstract

As mitosis progresses, the chromosomal passenger proteins (CPPs) Survivin, Aurora B, INCENP and Borealin dynamically colocalize to mitotic structures. Chromosomal passenger proteins are already expressed during G2, whereas the nuclear envelope is only disassembled at the end of prophase. However, the mechanisms that modulate their nucleocytoplasmic localization before nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) are poorly characterized. Using epitope-tagged proteins, we show that Aurora B, like Survivin, undergoes CRM1-mediated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, although both proteins lack identifiable 'classical' nuclear transport signals. On the other hand, INCENP resides more stably in the nucleus and contains multiple nuclear localization signals. Finally, Borealin was detected in the nucleolus and the cytoplasm, but its cytoplasmic localization is not directly regulated by CRM1. Coexpression experiments indicate that the nuclear localization of Aurora B, but not of Survivin, is modulated by INCENP and that Survivin prevents the nucleolar accumulation of Borealin. Our data reveal that, in contrast to their closely related localization during mitosis, the nucleocytoplasmic localization of the CPPs before NEB is largely unrelated. Furthermore, the specific effect of INCENP and Survivin on the localization of Aurora B and Borealin, respectively, suggests that different complexes of CPPs may exist not only during mitosis, as recently reported, but also before NEB.