Abstract
The exact role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1 (ADAMTS-1) and the underlying mechanism of its involvement in tumor metastasis have not been established. We have now demonstrated that overexpression of ADAMTS-1 promotes pulmonary metastasis of TA3 mammary carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cells and that a proteinase-dead mutant of ADAMTS-1 (ADAMTS-1E/Q) inhibits their metastasis, indicating that the prometastatic activity of ADAMTS-1 requires its metalloproteinase activity. Overexpression of ADAMTS-1 in these cells promoted tumor angiogenesis and invasion, shedding of the transmembrane precursors of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin (AR), and activation of the EGF receptor and ErbB-2, while overexpression of ADAMTS-1E/Q inhibited these events. Furthermore, we found that ADAMTS-1 undergoes auto-proteolytic cleavage to generate the NH2- and COOH-terminal cleavage fragments containing at least one thrombospondin-type-I-like motif and that overexpression of the NH2-terminal ADAMTS-1 fragment and the COOH-terminal ADAMTS-1 fragment can inhibit pulmonary tumor metastasis. These fragments also inhibited Erk1/2 kinase activation induced by soluble heparin-binding EGF and AR. Taken together, our results suggest that the proteolytic status of ADAMTS-1 determines its effect on tumor metastasis, and that the ADAMTS-1E/Q and the ADAMTS-1 fragments likely inhibit tumor metastasis by negatively regulating the availability and activity of soluble heparin-binding EGF and AR.
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Accession codes
Abbreviations
- ADAMTS-1:
-
a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1
- ADAMTS-1E/Q:
-
a protease-dead ADAMTS-1 mutant
- ADAMTS-1NTF:
-
the NH2-terminal ADAMTS-1 fragment
- ADAMTS-1CTF:
-
the COOH-terminal ADAMTS-1 fragment
- ADAMTSNTCF:
-
the NH2-terminal cleavage fragment of ADAMTS-1
- ADAMTSCTCF:
-
the COOH-terminal cleavage of ADAMTS-1
- APMA:
-
p-aminophenylmercuric acetate
- AR:
-
amphiregulin
- bFGF:
-
basic fibroblast growth factor
- BrdU:
-
5-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine
- CMFDA:
-
Green 5-chloromethyl-fluorescein diacetate
- Cys-rich:
-
cysteine-rich
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- ECM:
-
extracellular matrix
- EGF:
-
epidermal growth factor
- EGFR:
-
epidermal growth factor receptor
- FBS:
-
fetal bovine serum
- GAG:
-
glycosaminoglycans
- GF:
-
growth factors
- HS:
-
heparan sulfate
- HSPGs:
-
heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- HB-EGF:
-
heparin-binding epidermal growth factor
- H&E:
-
hematoxylin and eosin
- HUVECs:
-
human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- kDa:
-
kilodalton
- LLC:
-
Lewis lung carcinoma
- MMP:
-
matrix metalloproteinase
- RT–PCR:
-
reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction
- PKC:
-
protein kinase C
- TA3:
-
TA3 murine mammary carcinoma
- TPA:
-
12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate
- TSP-1:
-
thrombospondin type I-like
- Tsp-1:
-
thrombospondin-1
- Tsp-2:
-
thrombospondin-2
- VEGF:
-
vascular endothelial growth factor
- vWF:
-
von Willebrand factor
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Deborah McClellan for excellent editorial assistance. This work was supported by a fund from NIH (RO1HL074117).
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Liu, Yj., Xu, Y. & Yu, Q. Full-length ADAMTS-1 and the ADAMTS-1 fragments display pro- and antimetastatic activity, respectively. Oncogene 25, 2452–2467 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209287
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209287
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