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| Review article |
| Anti-apoptotic versus pro-apoptotic signal transduction: Checkpoints and stop signs along the road to death |
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| Matthew B Jarpe1, Christian Widmann1, Cindy Knall1, Thomas K Schlesinger1, Spencer Gibson1, Toshiaki Yujiri1, Gary R Fanger1, Erwin W Gelfand1,2 and Gary L Johnson1,3,a |
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1Program in Molecular Signal Transduction, Division of Basic Sciences, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
2Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA
3Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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aAuthor for correspondence |
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| Abstract |
 | The activation of caspases is a final commitment step for apoptosis. It is now evident that signal transduction pathways involving specific protein kinases modulate the apoptotic response. Both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways integrate environmental cues that control the decision to undergo apoptosis. Pro- and anti-apoptotic signal pathways regulate the activation of the caspases. In this review we describe our current understanding of apoptotic signal transduction. |
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| Keywords |
 | signal transduction; cell death |
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| 17 September 1998, Volume 17, Number 11, Pages 1475-1482 |
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