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A global survey of SUMOylation in human cells by Vertegaal and colleagues uncovers highly interconnected functional clusters of SUMOylated proteins and extensive crosstalk between SUMO and other post-translational modifications. Cover art by Ivo A. Hendriks. pp 927–936
We report the outcomes of the discussion initiated at the workshop entitled A 3D Cellular Context for the Macromolecular World and propose how data from emerging three-dimensional (3D) cellular imaging techniques—such as electron tomography, 3D scanning electron microscopy and soft X-ray tomography—should be archived, curated, validated and disseminated, to enable their interpretation and reuse by the biomedical community.
Yeast cells display synchronized oscillation between phases of high and low oxygen consumption accompanied by a program of cyclical gene expression. A study monitoring mRNA levels, histone modifications and chromatin occupancy of histone modifiers during the yeast metabolic cycle (YMC) at high temporal resolution reveals both 'just-in-time' supply of YMC gene products and new patterns of chromatin reconfiguration associated with transcriptional regulation.
Chemotherapeutic drug Gleevec (imatinib) is a potent and specific inhibitor of Abl kinase. NMR and fast kinetic analyses now reveal that Abl undergoes an induced-fit conformational change upon Gleevec binding.
Analyses of transcription and chromatin states during the yeast metabolic cycle reveal the links between different chromatin modifications and gene expression. The data also show that chromatin-modifier occupancies do not precisely match modification patterns.
The crystal structure of a human cohesin subcomplex, SA2–Scc1, guides mutagenesis analyses to dissect the antagonistic roles of shugoshin and Wapl in regulating centromeric functions during mitosis.
A single-molecule optical-trapping approach is used to examine protein unfolding and translocation by double-ring AAA+ machine ClpA. Although ClpA can unfold some substrates faster than ClpX can, it translocates the unfolded polypeptide more slowly.
The protein TRIM28 is identified as a factor that modulates RNA polymerase II pausing and transcriptional elongation at a large number of mammalian genes. This function is regulated by transcription-coupled phosphorylation of TRIM28 at Ser824.
A combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and EM is used to isolate and characterize multiple template-switching intermediates generated in budding yeast during replication of damaged DNA.
New single-molecule imaging analyses reveal how dynamic interactions of RPA, Rad52 and Rad51 on single-stranded DNA direct assembly of the presynaptic complex that promotes strand invasion during homologous recombination.
The RNA-binding protein Rbfox is an established regulator of alternative splicing. Here, Kawamoto and colleagues identify transcriptome-wide targets of Rbfox3 in neuronal cells and tissues to uncover an unexpected role in pri-miRNA processing
A solution NMR structure of the pre-mRNA retention and splicing (RES) core complex from budding yeast now reveals how the trimer stabilizes the RRM of its Snu17 subunit to promote pre-mRNA interactions within the spliceosome.
New in vivo analyses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe suggest that the RNA exosome promotes transcription termination by targeting the 3' end of nascent transcripts associated with 'backtracked' RNA polymerase II, revealing a new link between mRNA surveillance and termination.
High-resolution MS identifies >4,300 SUMOylation sites in >1,600 proteins in human cells under standard growth conditions and after proteasome inhibition or heat shock. The data reveal cross-talk between SUMO and other post-translational modifications.
Using the M2 stem-loop region to tag 16S pre-rRNA allows one-step isolation of assembly intermediates of the small ribosomal subunit from wild-type Escherichia coli. Characterization of these RNPs reveals multiple independent pathways for rRNA maturation.