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Robot-assisted kidney transplantation is gaining momentum in kidney transplantation programmes as an alternative approach to patients with end-stage renal disease. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of available evidence on robot-assisted kidney transplantation, particularly in clinically challenging scenarios.
The growing global burden of genitourinary cancers is disproportionately shouldered by low- and middle-income countries. Medical journals offer an avenue for discourse among different stakeholders to strategize and identify solutions. Thus, achieving diversity in this context is crucial to put together a heterogeneous group of stakeholders with diverse personal and cultural experiences as well as distinct problem-solving approaches.
In this Perspective, the authors discuss the idea of targeting histone modifications in bladder cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of findings from preclinical and translational studies. Clinical trials in which the efficacy of molecules targeting histone modifiers was assessed in bladder cancer are also discussed.
The evaluation and management of patients with small renal masses continue to evolve as new data-driven evidence emerges. Contemporary research in biomarkers, imaging, and machine learning shows promise in improving the understanding of small renal masses.
RNA m6A modifications have emerged as an important contributor to urological cancer biology. Yang et al. highlight the multifarious roles of m6A modifications and discuss the knowledge gap between molecular understanding and clinical applications.
Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species contribute to the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome through their effects on molecular pathways. Here, the authors discuss these pathways, animal models of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and treatment options for the disease.
In this Review, the authors describe the molecular profile of bladder cancer progression associated with the subtypes of this disease and comment on their potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic importance.
In the SELENIB trial, selenium and vitamin E were compared with placebo as chemoprevention for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). No difference versus placebo was observed in recurrence-free interval (RFI) with selenium, but vitamin E was associated with worse RFI. Selenium and vitamin E cannot be recommended in chemoprevention for NMIBC. Furthermore, patients with NMIBC taking supplemental vitamin E should be made aware of its potential association with worse RFI.
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of advanced prostate cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss the biological causes and paradoxical consequences of chromosomal instability, its potential clinical role in the stratification of prostate cancer aggressiveness and the development of novel treatment strategies.
African American men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer in the USA. In this Review, the authors discuss the complex interplay of modifiable risk factors that might underlie the glaring prostate cancer disparities observed.
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinically positive pelvic lymph nodes is a particular situation at the interface between localized and metastatic disease. In this Review, the authors discuss the advances and challenges of currently available strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinically positive pelvic lymph nodes.
The combination of pembrolizumab and enfortumab vedotin shows promise as a first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Enfortumab vedotin targets nectin-4, in turn enhancing T cell and natural killer cell activity, inhibiting immunosuppressive pathways and impeding tumour evasion. This synergy with pembrolizumab shows potential in enhancing immunotherapy for these patients.