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  • In this Review, the authors describe mechanisms through which metabolic disorders and metabolic-related hormonal status affect testes metabolism, spermatogenesis and male fertility. New findings on metabolic-related epigenetic signatures and paternal transgenerational inheritance of metabolic disorders are also discussed.

    • David F. Carrageta
    • Sara C. Pereira
    • Marco G. Alves
    Review Article
  • Autonomous surgical robots have the potential to transform surgery and increase access to quality health care. Advances in artificial intelligence have produced robots mimicking human demonstrations. This application might be feasible for surgical robots but is associated with obstacles in creating robots that emulate surgeon demonstrations.

    • Samuel Schmidgall
    • Ji Woong Kim
    • Axel Krieger
    Comment
  • Robot-assisted kidney transplantation is gaining momentum in kidney transplantation programmes as an alternative approach to patients with end-stage renal disease. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of available evidence on robot-assisted kidney transplantation, particularly in clinically challenging scenarios.

    • Giuseppe Basile
    • Alessio Pecoraro
    • Alberto Breda
    Review Article
  • The growing global burden of genitourinary cancers is disproportionately shouldered by low- and middle-income countries. Medical journals offer an avenue for discourse among different stakeholders to strategize and identify solutions. Thus, achieving diversity in this context is crucial to put together a heterogeneous group of stakeholders with diverse personal and cultural experiences as well as distinct problem-solving approaches.

    • David J. Benjamin
    • Zhaohui Arter
    • Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty
    Comment
  • In this Perspective, the authors discuss the idea of targeting histone modifications in bladder cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of findings from preclinical and translational studies. Clinical trials in which the efficacy of molecules targeting histone modifiers was assessed in bladder cancer are also discussed.

    • Shiyu Zhang
    • Tianhai Lin
    • Qiang Wei
    Perspective
  • The evaluation and management of patients with small renal masses continue to evolve as new data-driven evidence emerges. Contemporary research in biomarkers, imaging, and machine learning shows promise in improving the understanding of small renal masses.

    • Yuzhi Wang
    • Mohit Butaney
    • Brian R. Lane
    Review Article
  • Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species contribute to the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome through their effects on molecular pathways. Here, the authors discuss these pathways, animal models of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and treatment options for the disease.

    • Ashu Mohammad
    • Mallory A. Laboulaye
    • Amy D. Dobberfuhl
    Review Article
  • In the SELENIB trial, selenium and vitamin E were compared with placebo as chemoprevention for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). No difference versus placebo was observed in recurrence-free interval (RFI) with selenium, but vitamin E was associated with worse RFI. Selenium and vitamin E cannot be recommended in chemoprevention for NMIBC. Furthermore, patients with NMIBC taking supplemental vitamin E should be made aware of its potential association with worse RFI.

    • Shaun J. Trecarten
    • Robert S. Svatek
    News & Views
  • Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of advanced prostate cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss the biological causes and paradoxical consequences of chromosomal instability, its potential clinical role in the stratification of prostate cancer aggressiveness and the development of novel treatment strategies.

    • Marc Carceles-Cordon
    • Jacob J. Orme
    • Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
    Review Article
  • Muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinically positive pelvic lymph nodes is a particular situation at the interface between localized and metastatic disease. In this Review, the authors discuss the advances and challenges of currently available strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer with clinically positive pelvic lymph nodes.

    • Elisabeth Grobet-Jeandin
    • Louis Lenfant
    • Thomas Seisen
    Review Article