TABLE 2 Summary of the results of studies that showed that gadolinium did not cause acute kidney injury.
From the following article:
What nephrologists need to know about gadolinium
Jeffrey G Penfield and Robert F Reilly Jr
BACK TO ARTICLE| Study | Design | Sample size (mean age) | Agent(s) used | Dose used (mmol/kg) | Renal status | Renal outcome | Preventive treatment used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
To convert mg/dl to | |||||||
| Rofsky et al. (1991)20 | Workup of renal mass | 5 (69 years) | Magnevist® | 0.1 | Creatinine >2.0 mg/dl (range 2.2–6.0 mg/dl) | No increase in creatinine concentration | NA |
| Bellin et al. (1992)15 | Prospective study of consecutive patients; intravenous gadolinium (n = 10) vs no contrast (n = 10) | 20 | Dotarem® | 0.1 | GFR (Cockroft–Gault) <60 ml/min (mean 21.1  3.2 ml/min) | No >25% increase in creatinine concentration; creatinine concentration increased >10% in 5 controls and 3 gadoliniumexposed patients | None |
| Prince et al. (1996)18 | Retrospective study of iodinated contrast vs gadolinium | 64 | Magnevist® (n = 21), Omniscan® (n = 37) or ProHance® (n = 6) | 0.2–0.4 | Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl | CIN (defined as  0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration) occurred in 29% (9 of 31 patients) exposed to iodinated contrast and 0% exposed to gadolinium | NA |
| Kaufman et al. (1999)17 | Digital subtraction vena cavogram | 14 (66.7 years) | Omniscan® or Magnevist® |  0.4 | Creatinine 1.5 mg/dl (mean 2.8 1.1 mg/dl) | CIN (defined as 0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration at 48 h) did not occur; creatinine concentration of 3 patients increased as a result of causes other than gadolinium exposure | NA |
| Spinosa et al. (1999)23 | Renal arteriogram | 25 (59 years) | Omniscan® | <0.3 | Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (mean 3.1 mg/dl) | CIN (defined as >0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration at 48 h) did not occur; creatinine concentration of 2 patients increased as a result of causes other than gadolinium exposure | Hydration |
| Hammer et al. (1999)16 | Arterial digital subtraction angiography | 34 (53.1 years) | Magnevist® | 0.4 | Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl | CIN (defined as >0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration) occurred in 3% (1 of 34 patients) | NA |
| Spinosa et al. (2000)22 | Retrospective study of iodinated contrast and CO2 (n = 15), gadolinium and CO2 (n = 20) and CO2 alone (n = 7) | 42 | Omniscan® | 0.4 | Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (mean 2.2 mg/dl, range 1.6–3.6 mg/dl) | CIN (defined as 0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration) occurred in 40% (6 of 15 patients) exposed to iodinated contrast and 5% (1 of 20 patients) exposed to gadolinium | 300–500 ml normal saline before procedure |
| Townsend et al. (2000)24 | Prospective study of gadolinium vs normal saline infusion only (no imaging performed) | 32 | Omniscan® | 0.2 | Creatinine clearance 20–29 ml/min (n = 9), 30–60 ml/min (n = 11) | CIN (defined as >0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration) did not occur | Normal saline after bolus |
| Sancak et al. (2002)21 | Upper extremity or superior vena cava venography | 16 (53 years) | Omniscan® | 0.3 | Mean creatinine 1.5 mg/dl (range 1.2–1.8 mg/dl) | Largest increase in creatinine concentration was 0.2 mg/dl | NA |
| Rieger et al. (2002)19 | Prospective procedures (arterial and intravenous) | 32 | Magnevist® | 0.34 0.06 | Creatinine >1.5 mg/dl (mean 3.6 1.4 mg/dl) | CIN (defined as >0.5 mg/dl increase in creatinine concentration at 72 h) did not occur; creatinine concentration of 1 patient increased as a result of cholesterol emboli | Normal saline |
mol/l, multiply by 88.4. Abbreviations: CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; NA, not available.