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  • Review Article
  • Published:

Primary disease recurrence—effects on paediatric renal transplantation outcomes

Nature Reviews Nephrology volume 11, pages 371–384 (2015)Cite this article

Subjects

Key Points

  • Primary disease recurrence after renal transplantation accounts for 7–8% of graft losses

  • Disease recurrence after paediatric renal transplantation can be associated with a high or low risk of graft loss depending on the underlying primary disease

  • Understanding of the pathophysiology of most kidney diseases has advanced dramatically in the past few years, which will hopefully lead to improvements in the global prognosis of paediatric renal transplantation

  • Targeted treatment strategies are available for specific diseases that can improve graft survival in patients with disease recurrence

Abstract

Primary disease recurrence after renal transplantation is mainly diagnosed by examination of biopsy samples, but can also be associated with clinical symptoms. In some patients, recurrence can lead to graft loss (7–8% of all graft losses). Primary disease recurrence is generally associated with a high risk of graft loss in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis, primary hyperoxaluria or atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. By contrast, disease recurrence is associated with a limited risk of graft loss in patients with IgA nephropathy, renal involvement associated with Henoch–Schönlein purpura, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis or lupus nephritis. The presence of systemic diseases that affect the kidneys, such as sickle cell anaemia and diabetes mellitus, also increases the risk of delayed graft loss. This Review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of primary disease recurrence in paediatric renal graft recipients, and describes the overall effect on graft survival of each of the primary diseases listed above. With appropriate management, few paediatric patients should be excluded from renal transplantation programmes because of an increased risk of recurrence.

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Figure 1: Proposed algorithm for managing SRNS in the context of paediatric renal transplantation.
Figure 2: Proposed algorithm for managing aHUS in the context of paediatric renal transplantation.

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  1. Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, 59 Boulevard Pinel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69677, Bron Cedex, France

    Justine Bacchetta & Pierre Cochat

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J.B. and P.C. contributed equally to researching data for the article and discussions of the article's content. J.B. wrote the manuscript, and J.B. and P.C. reviewed and edited the manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Justine Bacchetta.

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Bacchetta, J., Cochat, P. Primary disease recurrence—effects on paediatric renal transplantation outcomes. Nat Rev Nephrol 11, 371–384 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2015.54

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