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  • One of the long-term sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is ‘brain fog’, which is shown in this study to be linked to systemic inflammation and leakiness of the blood–brain barrier.

    • Sian Lewis
    Research Highlight
  • Neurons in the mouse subiculum encode concave and convex geometrical environmental features.

    • Katherine Whalley
    Research Highlight
  • Innate fear-like responses are thought to involve the amygdala, but here a tetra-synaptic pathway is identified that mediates odour-evoked innate fear in mice.

    • Sian Lewis
    Research Highlight
  • How does motor-cortex activity well before movement not drive motor outputs? In this Review, Churchland and Shenoy detail how searching for answers transitioned the understanding of neural activity during movement from single-neuron tuning towards population-level factors and revealed an essential computational role of output-null factors.

    • Mark M. Churchland
    • Krishna V. Shenoy
    Review Article
  • Sleep is an active state during which the synaptic connections that form memories are remodelled. In this Perspective, Wassing and colleagues discuss how failures in sleep-dependent adaptation to emotionally distressing experiences might be a key contributor to post-traumatic stress disorder and related conditions.

    • Yesenia Cabrera
    • Karin J. Koymans
    • Rick Wassing
    Perspective
  • Populations of neurons in the mouse hippocampus use distinct representational strategies to encode familiarity and episodic social memory.

    • Katherine Whalley
    Research Highlight
  • Increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8, expressed by circulating myeloid cells, may have a role in stress-induced changes in social behaviour in mice.

    • Darran Yates
    Research Highlight
  • Blood pressure pulsations modulate the activity of neurons in the rodent olfactory bulb via the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO2

    • Katherine Whalley
    Research Highlight
  • Altered network activity during sleep is observed in some individuals with Alzheimer disease and in mouse models of the disorder. In this Perspective, Inna Slutsky proposes that hyperexcitability and sleep disturbances in Alzheimer disease result from disruption of the mechanisms that maintain activity homeostasis in the brain.

    • Inna Slutsky
    Perspective
  • Sub-additive responses to simultaneously presented stimuli and quenching of variability in responses to repeated presentations of a stimulus are characteristics of neurons in the primary visual cortex. In this Perspective, Goris et al. argue that these phenomena often co-occur and may have common mechanistic and computational origins.

    • Robbe L. T. Goris
    • Ruben Coen-Cagli
    • Máté Lengyel
    Perspective
  • In this Journal Club, Valeria Della-Maggiore highlights a 2017 paper that provided key evidence for a role for the hippocampus in motor skill learning

    • Valeria Della-Maggiore
    Journal Club
  • A direct influence of light exposure on cognition and behaviour, beyond that associated with circadian rhythms, has been reported. Mahoney and Schmidt consider the evidence for light’s effects on aspects of cognitive neurobehavioural performance, summarize current understanding of the underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms and point to future directions for this field of research.

    • Heather L. Mahoney
    • Tiffany M. Schmidt
    Review Article
  • In mice, a subset of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus control sympathetic nervous system signalling to adipose tissue and are dysregulated with age; activating these neurons prolongs lifespan and slows the decline in physical activity associated with ageing.

    • Joseph Willson
    Research Highlight
  • Animals frequently engage in curiosity-related behaviours that appear to provide them with no immediate benefits. Monosov discusses the neural circuits in the primate brain that are involved in these non-instrumental information-seeking behaviours, focusing on those that mediate the exploration of novel objects and the pursuit of information to reduce future uncertainties.

    • Ilya E. Monosov
    Review Article
  • During adolescence, we acquire skills and behavioural patterns that support our future survival through goal-directed learning. Wilbrecht and Davidow describe the neural and cognitive systems that support goal-directed learning in adolescence, as well as our growing understanding of the influence of context on this process.

    • Linda Wilbrecht
    • Juliet Y. Davidow
    Review Article
  • A study analyses the nanotopography of presynaptic calcium channels and release sensors and the degree of their coupling during maturation of an inhibitory synapse.

    • Lisa Heinke
    Research Highlight
  • ‘Mechanism’ is a frequently used causal concept in neuroscience but can have different meanings that are often not specified. In this Review, Ross and Bassett explore these different meanings and the challenges associated with the variable usage of this term before discussing how these challenges may be met.

    • Lauren N. Ross
    • Dani S. Bassett
    Review Article