Abstract

The immense range of human behaviours is rooted in the complex neural networks of the cerebrum. The creation of these networks depends on the precise integration of specific neuronal subtypes that are born in different regions of the telencephalon. Here, using the mouse as a model system, we review how these proliferative zones are established. Moreover, we discuss how these regions can be traced back in development to the function of a few key genes, including those that encode fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), sonic hedgehog (SHH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), forkhead box G1 (FOXG1), paired box 6 (PAX6) and LIM homeobox protein 2 (LHX2), that pattern the early telencephalon.

Author affiliations

1. Departments of Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
   Email: jhebert@aecom.yu.edu
2. Smilow Neuroscience Program and Department of Cell Biology, Smilow Research Building, New York University, 522 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.
   Email: fishell@saturn.med.nyu.edu

Published online 6 August 2008

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