Behaviour: The subtle difference between the sexes | PDF (161 KB)

p650 | doi:10.1038/nrn2226

Learning and memory: Forgetting the fear | PDF (224 KB)

p651 | doi:10.1038/nrn2223

Synapse stabilization: A complex story | PDF (224 KB)

p652 | doi:10.1038/nrn2217

Vesicular trafficking: The endocytic puzzle | PDF (209 KB)

p652 | doi:10.1038/nrn2227

Circadian rhythms: Glia set the beat | PDF (194 KB)

p654 | doi:10.1038/nrn2224

Sleep regulation: ppERK, sleep & fly | PDF (150 KB)

p654 | doi:10.1038/nrn2232

Development: The origins of interneuron diversity | PDF (171 KB)

p655 | doi:10.1038/nrn2225

Axonal transport: SUMmOned back to the nucleus | PDF (218 KB)

p656 | doi:10.1038/nrn2219

Neurodegenerative disease: A good night's sleep | PDF (191 KB)

p656 | doi:10.1038/nrn2220

Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain

Daniel L. Schacter, Donna Rose Addis & Randy L. Buckner

p657 | doi:10.1038/nrn2213

Several recent studies have indicated that common neural substrates are involved in remembering past events and imagining future events. Schacter and colleagues outline these findings and discuss the theoretical implications for our understanding of the adaptive functions of memory.

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Tau-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders

Carlo Ballatore, Virginia M.-Y. Lee & John Q. Trojanowski

p663 | doi:10.1038/nrn2194

Neurofibrillary tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, are among the defining pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Trojanowski and colleagues review the current understanding of the physiological functions of tau and the causes and pathological consequences of its abnormal phosphorylation.

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Development of GABA innervation in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices

Z. J. Huang, G. Di Cristo & F. Ango

p673 | doi:10.1038/nrn2188

Different classes of GABAergic interneurons shape the spatiotemporal signalling patterns of neurons in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. Huang and colleagues review the cellular and molecular mechanisms that specify and modify the development of these inhibitory innervation patterns.

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Long-term synaptic plasticity in hippocampal interneurons

Dimitri M. Kullmann & Karri P. Lamsa

p687 | doi:10.1038/nrn2207

New concepts of synaptic plasicity have recently emerged for interneurons, which are essential for information processing. Kullmann and Lamsa review our current knowledge of the various forms of LTP and LTD in hippocampal interneurons.

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Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging

Michael D. Fox & Marcus E. Raichle

p700 | doi:10.1038/nrn2201

The potential importance of spontaneous, non task-related, brain activity is becoming increasingly apparent. Fox and Raichle discuss the measurement, properties and interpretation of spontaneous blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fluctuations, highlighting what we know about their physiological significance and the future challenges for the field.

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The effect of neurodegenerative diseases on the subventricular zone

Maurice A. Curtis, Richard L. M. Faull & Peter S. Eriksson

p712 | doi:10.1038/nrn2216

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the major source of proliferative cells in the adult brain. In this Review, Curtis, Faull and Eriksson describe how the SVZ responds to neurodegenerative disease and discuss possible therapeutic strategies to harness its neurogenic potential.

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