FIGURE 4 | Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in the brain.

a | Schematic diagram of the brain, indicating the dorsal midline, where bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are expressed; the anterior neural ridge (ANR), which expresses fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and BMP antagonists; and the axial mesoderm, which expresses sonic hedgehog (SHH) and BMP antagonists. b | Schematic representation of a transverse section through an embryonic day (E) 12.5 mouse metencephalon that shows BMP expression in the roof plate, flanked by the cerebellar granule neuron precursors, which express the genes Math1 (a transcription factor), zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 1 (Zic1), Zic2 and Wnt3a. Culture of ventral metencephalon in BMPs results in the expression of genes normally observed in granule neuron precursor cells. c | Schematic of a newborn (postnatal day (P) 0) mouse cerebellum that shows the external germinal layer (EGL) and internal granule layer (IGL), both of which express Bmp genes, and the Purkinje cell layer, which expresses Shh.

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