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Review

Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3, 641–653 (1 August 2002) | doi:10.1038/nrn898

Snares and munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion

Josep Rizo & Thomas C. S|[uuml]|dhof

The release of neurotransmitters by Ca2+-triggered synaptic vesicle exocytosis is an exquisitely regulated process that is fundamental for interneuronal communication. This process involves several steps and is controlled by a protein machinery that must prevent release before Ca2+ entry into presynaptic terminals, and yet must rapidly induce release on Ca2+ influx. Extensive studies of the components of this machinery have indicated that SNAREs and Munc18-1 are central proteins for membrane fusion during exocytosis. An increasing amount of information derived from a convergence of structural, physiological and genetic studies is providing important insights into the mechanism of neurotransmitter release.