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In recent years, several funding agencies have introduced requirements for researchers to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical research. In this Comment article, McCarthy and colleagues discuss the potential impact of these policies for neuroscience research.
In a working memory task, the neural code for the target stimulus in the lateral prefrontal cortex transforms when a distractor is presented, without loss of target-related information.
Methylation of neuronal genes at CA sequences is modulated by neuronal activity during early postnatal periods and fine tunes gene expression in adult neurons.
In fear conditioning in mice, neurons in the lateral central amygdala that express protein kinase Cδ convey the unconditioned stimulus to the lateral amygdala to enable the encoding of aversive memory.
An axon's function is dictated by its morphology and, thus, by the properties and organization of the axonal cytoskeleton. Leterrieret al. describe how advances in super-resolution and live-cell imaging are transforming our understanding of the molecular architecture of the axonal shaft.
A causal explanation for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is lacking. In this Review, Birnbaum and Weinberger explore recent genetic studies of schizophrenia and discuss how genetic and epigenetic risk of the disorder may converge to perturb key neurodevelopmental trajectories.
The dopamine motive system, which integrates reinforcement and motivation, is influenced by obesogenic foods and addictive drugs. In this Review, Volkow and colleagues highlight how these stimuli sensitize the subject's motivation towards them while desensitizing the subject's motivation towards alternative reinforcers.
Promoting remyelination may be an effective therapeutic strategy for various disorders that are characterized by a loss of myelin, including multiple sclerosis. In this Review, Franklin and ffrench-Constant discuss recent developments in our understanding of remyelination and the efforts that are underway to enhance this process.
