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There is greater 'overlap' between the sets of CA1 neurons encoding temporally close memories than of neurons encoding memories temporally spaced apart; such overlap may enable linking of temporally close memories.
Slow gamma oscillations during sharp-wave ripples in hippocampus are reduced in mice expressing human APOE4 and this is associated with age-related deficits in learning and memory.
In experimental autoimmune encephalitis (a mouse model of multiple sclerosis), type I interferons stimulate the production of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is activated by diet- and microbe-derived molecules and limits CNS inflammation.
Somatostatin-expressing neurons represent a major class of inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus and neocortex. Urban-Ciecko and Barth examine recent studies into the functions of these neurons, and their effects on surrounding cells and network activity in health and disease.
The aetiologies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex and involve both genetic and environmental influences. In this Review, Annie Vogel Ciernia and Janine LaSalle discuss how genome-wide studies have revealed dynamic complexities in DNA-methylation patterns in the developing brain that might contribute to ASD.
Cultures of human neural cells can be generated from skin cells that have been reprogrammed to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or subjected to direct conversion. Gage and colleagues describe advances in differentiation protocols that allow specific subtypes of neural cell to be produced and consider the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.
Working memory (WM) — the ability to maintain and manipulate information over a period of seconds — is a key cognitive skill. Constantinidis and Klingberg discuss non-human-primate, computational-modelling and human-neuroimaging studies that examine the neural bases of WM and training-induced enhancements of WM capacity.
Uncovering the neural basis of consciousness is a major challenge to neuroscience. In this Perspective, Tononi and colleagues describe the integrated information theory of consciousness and how it might be used to answer outstanding questions about the nature of consciousness.
