Abstract

The increasing availability of DNA-sequence information for multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic variants of individual bacterial species has indicated that both DNA acquisition and genome reduction have important roles in genome evolution. Such genomic fluidity, which is found in human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has important consequences for the clinical management of the diseases that are caused by these pathogens and for the development of diagnostics and new molecular epidemiological methods.

Author affiliations

1. Niyaz Ahmed is at the Pathogen Evolution Laboratory, Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
2. Ulrich Dobrindt and Jörg Hacker are at the University of Würzburg, Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
3. Jörg Hacker is also at the Robert-Koch Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
4. Seyed E. Hasnain is at the University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India, The Institute of Life Sciences, HCU Campus, Hyderabad, 500046, India and the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
5. N.A. and U.D. contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to: Jörg Hacker^2,3 Email: j.hacker@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de

Correspondence to: Seyed E. Hasnain⁴ Email: vc@uohyd.ernet.in

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