HIV: Infection, superinfection and (lack of) protection | PDF (272 KB)

p3 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1829

Microbial physiology: How low can you grow? | PDF (331 KB)

p4 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1825

RNA: Extending the network of sRNA control | PDF (280 KB)

p4 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1826

Host response: IgA — peacemaker in the gut | PDF (373 KB)

p4 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1828

Bacterial development: Moving in the right direction | PDF (132 KB)

p6 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1823

Virus structure: One of a kind! | PDF (320 KB)

p6 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1827

Bacterial virulence: The cycle of success for Legionella | PDF (307 KB)

p7 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1822

The versatility of Shigella effectors

Michinaga Ogawa, Yutaka Handa, Hiroshi Ashida, Masato Suzuki & Chihiro Sasakawa

p11 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1814

Shigella use a type III secretion system to deliver effector proteins into the host-cell cytoplasm, where they can usurp host-cell functions and signalling pathways. In this Progress article, Chihiro Sasakawa and colleagues highlight the most recent advances in our understanding of the exact functions of the many Shigella type III-secreted effectors.

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The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies

Lynette Cegelski, Garland R. Marshall, Gary R. Eldridge & Scott J. Hultgren

p17 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1818

Targeting bacterial virulence is an alternative approach to antimicrobial therapy. This Review considers recent efforts towards antivirulence-based drug discovery in the framework of marketable drugs, and discusses what challenges remain and the factors that are crucial to developing the antivirulence therapeutic approach.

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Getting organized — how bacterial cells move proteins and DNA

Martin Thanbichler & Lucy Shapiro

p28 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1795

Bacteria have evolved several different mechanisms to target protein complexes, membrane vesicles and DNA to specific positions within the cell. Here, Thanbichler and Shapiro highlight key mechanisms of cellular organization in bacteria, with an emphasis on the role of polymeric protein assemblies in the directed movement and positioning of macromolecular complexes.

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Drugs versus bugs: in pursuit of the persistent predator Mycobacterium tuberculosis

James C. Sacchettini, Eric J. Rubin & Joel S. Freundlich

p41 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1816

Why do we seem to be losing the fight against tuberculosis? In this Review, James Sacchettini, Eric Rubin and Joel Freundlich review the recent and ongoing efforts to produce new antitubercular drugs and the properties of current investigational agents.

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Salmonellae interplay with host cells

Andrea Haraga, Maikke B. Ohlson & Samuel I. Miller

p53 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1788

Salmonellae cause systemic diseases by invading and replicating inside epithelial cells and macrophages. Two functionally distinct type III secretion systems that are encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 transfer Salmonella spp. effector proteins into host cells. The dynamic molecular interplay between these bacterial effectors and host responses is discussed in this Review.

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An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans by the innate immune system

Mihai G. Netea, Gordon D. Brown, Bart Jan Kullberg & Neil A. R. Gow

p67 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1815

Recognition of fungi by the innate immune system depends on 'tasting' several pathogen-associated molecular patterns in the fungal cell wall. In this Review, the authors pull together the available in vitro and in vivo data to propose an integrated model for Candida albicans recognition by the innate immune system.

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Kiss and spit: the dual roles of Toxoplasma rhoptries

John C. Boothroyd & Jean-Francois Dubremetz

p79 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1800

John C. Boothroyd and Jean-Francois Dubremetz review the roles of the apical rhoptry organelles in cell invasion by Apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. They propose a model in which an expansion of host range might have been the selective pressure for rhoptry-protein evolution.

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