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Nature Reviews Microbiology 5, 157–161 (1 February 2007) | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1598

H-NS, the genome sentinel

Charles J. Dorman

Two recent reports have indicated that the H-NS protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has a key role in selectively silencing the transcription of large numbers of horizontally acquired AT-rich genes, including those that make up its major pathogenicity islands. Broadly similar conclusions have emerged from a study of H-NS binding to DNA in Escherichia coli. How do these findings affect our view of H-NS and its ability to influence bacterial evolution?