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Inventing the dynamo machine: the evolution of the F-type and V-type ATPases

Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 5, pages 892–899 (2007)Cite this article

Abstract

The rotary proton- and sodium-translocating ATPases are reversible molecular machines present in all cellular life forms that couple ion movement across membranes with ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. Sequence and structural comparisons of F- and V-type ATPases have revealed homology between their catalytic and membrane subunits, but not between the subunits of the central stalk that connects the catalytic and membrane components. Based on this pattern of homology, we propose that these ATPases originated from membrane protein translocases, which, themselves, evolved from RNA translocases. We suggest that in these ancestral translocases, the position of the central stalk was occupied by the translocated polymer.

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Figure 1: Structure of the F- and V-type membrane ATPases.
Figure 2: Proposed evolution of the F- and V-type membrane ATPases.
Figure 3: Phylogenetic tree of the catalytic subunits of the F- and V-type ATPases and related P-loop ATPases.

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Acknowledgements

We thank D. Cherepanov, M. Forgac, M. Huss and W. Junge for helpful discussions, and V. Dolja and T. Senkevich for critical reading of the manuscript. This study was supported by grants to KSM, MYG and EVK from INTAS and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AYM), and the Intramural Research Program of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health.

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  1. Armen Y. Mulkidjanian is at the School of Physics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49069, Germany and the A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico–Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.,

    Armen Y. Mulkidjanian

  2. Kira S. Makarova, Michael Y. Galperin and Eugene V. Koonin are at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.,

    Kira S. Makarova, Michael Y. Galperin & Eugene V. Koonin

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Supplementary information S1 (figure)

Multiple alignment of protein sequences used for the construction of the tree shown in Figure 3. (PDF 86 kb)

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Mulkidjanian, A., Makarova, K., Galperin, M. et al. Inventing the dynamo machine: the evolution of the F-type and V-type ATPases. Nat Rev Microbiol 5, 892–899 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1767

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