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The type III secretion injectisome delivers bacterial proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic target cells. Here, Guy Cornelis reviews our current understanding of the structure, assembly and operation of this nanomachine.
The article focuses on the tensions between the opposing forces of maintaining genome integrity and increasing genome diversification inHelicobacter pylori. The authors propose that this generates a dynamic pool of genetic variants that is sufficiently diverse to occupy the different niches in the stomach.
Cultured archaeal viruses, which so far all have double-stranded DNA genomes, come in all shapes and sizes, with the range of virion morphotypes surpassing that found in the viruses of the Bacteria. The authors present a unifying view of this fascinating viral group.
The liver stage ofPlasmodium infection constitutes an appealing target for the development of vaccines or prophylatic drugs as this step in the life cycle is obligatory but occurs before the onset of pathology. This Review summarizes the current knowledge on this stage of the Plasmodiumlife cycle.
The global spread of H5N1 avian influenza virus has raised concerns that H5N1 might adapt to the human host and cause the next human influenza pandemic. Novel glycan array technologies can rapidly assess the receptor specificity of influenza viruses, detecting changes that might signal human adaptation.
Humans vary in their susceptibility to HIV infection, and identifying the host genetic factors that cause this variation is a priority for vaccine development. Progress in high-throughput genotyping and in knowledge about human genetic variation allows systematic searching for genetic variants that influence the human response to HIV-1.
