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This study reports that commensal enteric fungi provide protection against infection in local intestinal and non-intestinal systemic tissues and enhance systemic immunity.
This study identified a metabolic pathway in members of the gut microbiota, which uses aromatic amino acids to produce small molecules with systemic effects.
Bacterial predation byAcinetobacter baylyi increases the rate of horizontal gene transfer from Escherichia coli, which leads to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes from prey cells.
Prokaryotic Argonaute proteins, homologues of eukaryotic Argonaute proteins involved in RNA interference, have recently been demonstrated to mediate host defence in archaea and bacteria. In this Progress article, van der Oost and colleagues explore the structures and biological functions of the prokaryotic Argonaute proteins, and discuss their potential applications in genome editing.
CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune systems are widespread in prokaryotes. In this Progress article, Maxwell and colleagues highlight how phages and other mobile genetic elements inactivate CRISPR–Cas systems using anti-CRISPR proteins and outline evolutionary and biotechnological implications of anti-CRISPR protein activity.
The ability ofCandida albicans to form biofilms is a major cause of disseminated bloodstream infections. Here, Nobile and colleagues review our current understanding of the processes involved in the formation of C. albicans biofilms, the core transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development, and polymicrobial biofilms that are formed by C. albicansand certain bacterial species.
Listeria monocytogenesis a food-borne pathogen responsible for human listeriosis. In this Review, Radoshevich and Cossart discuss the most recent advances inL. monocytogenesphysiology, biology and pathogenesis.
Seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics each year. In this Review, Petrova and Russell discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular determinants of influenza virus immune escape, sources of evolutionary selection pressure, population dynamics of influenza viruses and prospects for better influenza virus control.
