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Members of the SidE effector family ofLegionella pneumophiladirectly ubiquitylate RAB small GTPases, independent of E1 and E2 enzymes, during infection.
A metagenomics-based tree of life reveals a remarkable prominence for the recently described Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) in the diversity of life on Earth.
Membrane vesicles inPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms are not produced by blebbing of the outer membrane but instead by explosive cell lysis, which also releases extracellular DNA into the biofilm matrix.
In this Review, Kahne and colleagues discuss how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is transported across the cellular envelope and inserted into the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They propose a new model, which explains how energy from the cytoplasm is used to power LPS transport to the cell surface.
The initial sensing of an infection is mediated by innate pattern recognition receptors, which detect pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. In this Review, Stewart and Cookson discuss the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms evade or inhibit intracellular detection that is coupled to pro-inflammatory caspase-dependent protective responses, thus delaying protective host responses.
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect conserved molecular features of viral pathogens and initiate signalling that results in the expression of antiviral genes. In this Review, Chan and Gack highlight the major classes of intracellular viral RNA and DNA sensors and discuss the viral strategies that are used to escape immune surveillance by those sensors.
The gut of honey bees is inhabited by a small group of highly host-adapted bacteria. In this Review, Kwong and Moran detail the composition and functions of the microbiota of honey bees and highlight similarities and differences to the human microbiota.
Chlamydiaspp. are intracellular bacteria that depend on the host for their metabolic requirements, while hiding from host immune defences. In this Review, Elwell, Mirrashidi and Engel detail the molecular mechanisms that enable these pathogens to shape and thrive in their niche in host cells.
