Chromatin: Signalling to assemble | PDF (130 KB)

p664 | doi:10.1038/nrm2477

Ageing: Turning back the clock | PDF (150 KB)

p665 | doi:10.1038/nrm2470

Circadian rhythms: An enzymatic rheostat | PDF (143 KB)

p666 | doi:10.1038/nrm2471

Gene expression: Argonaute on the move | PDF (146 KB)

p666 | doi:10.1038/nrm2473

Small RNAs: Making a big impression on the proteome | PDF (150 KB)

p668 | doi:10.1038/nrm2472

Protein degradation: Examining E1 | PDF (127 KB)

p668 | doi:10.1038/nrm2478

Cancer biology: The counting game | PDF (154 KB)

p669 | doi:10.1038/nrm2481

Endogenous small interfering RNAs in animals

Katsutomo Okamura & Eric C. Lai

p673 | doi:10.1038/nrm2479

An endogenous small interfering RNA (endo-siRNA) pathway had only previously been characterized in worms. The recent discovery of diverse intramolecular and intermolecular substrates that generate endo-siRNAs in flies and mice raise many questions regarding the biogenesis and function of small regulatory RNAs in animals.

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Diversity of degradation signals in the ubiquitin–proteasome system

Tommer Ravid & Mark Hochstrasser

p679 | doi:10.1038/nrm2468

A degradation signal (degron) is a minimal element that is sufficient for the recognition and subsequent degradation of a protein by the proteolytic machinery. Combined structural and functional studies of degrons are essential for understanding how the ubiquitin–proteasome system is used in vivo.

• Abstract
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Mammalian Rho GTPases: new insights into their functions from in vivo studies

Sarah J. Heasman & Anne J. Ridley

p690 | doi:10.1038/nrm2476

The roles of Rho GTPases have been extensively studied in several mammalian cell types using different mutants. The availability of knockout mice for several members of the Rho family is now revealing new information about their roles in signalling to the cytoskeleton and in development.

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• Supplementary information

A complex barcode underlies the heterogeneous response of p53 to stress

Fiona Murray-Zmijewski, Elizabeth A. Slee & Xin Lu

p702 | doi:10.1038/nrm2451

The tumour suppressor p53 integrates incoming stress signals to prevent malignant progression by inducing cell responses such as apoptosis and senescence. The specific response, coordinated by p53 post-translational modifications and the availability of p53 cofactors, determines the appropriate cellular fate.

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Conserved functions of the pRB and E2F families

Sander van den Heuvel & Nicholas J. Dyson

p713 | doi:10.1038/nrm2469

The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor pRB, the E2F transcription factor and related proteins are conserved in many species of plants and animals. Genetic and biochemical experiments now show that pRB and E2F proteins of worms, flies and mammals share similar core activities and regulatory mechanisms.

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