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Review

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 9, 543–556 (1 July 2008) | doi:10.1038/nrm2417

Mechanisms of membrane fusion: disparate players and common principles

Sascha Martens & Harvey T. McMahon

Membrane fusion can occur between cells, between different intracellular compartments, between intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane and between lipid-bound structures such as viral particles and cellular membranes. In order for membranes to fuse they must first be brought together. The more highly curved a membrane is, the more fusogenic it becomes. We discuss how proteins, including SNAREs, synaptotagmins and viral fusion proteins, might mediate close membrane apposition and induction of membrane curvature to drive diverse fusion processes. We also highlight common principles that can be derived from the analysis of the role of these proteins.