DNA replication: Shaping up for a new start | PDF (209 KB)

p754 | doi:10.1038/nrm2274

Protein evolution: Tracing the evolution of structure and function | PDF (91 KB)

p755 | doi:10.1038/nrm2263

Cell division: CDK1 in the driving seat | PDF (220 KB)

p755 | doi:10.1038/nrm2267

Organelle biogenesis: A (nu)clear picture of envelope assembly | PDF (176 KB)

p756 | doi:10.1038/nrm2266

Post-translational modification: Mimicking the unknown | PDF (305 KB)

p756 | doi:10.1038/nrm2269

Cancer: Paying for extras | PDF (259 KB)

p758 | doi:10.1038/nrm2264

Development: It's not just a gap | PDF (227 KB)

p758 | doi:10.1038/nrm2268

Post-translational modification: The importance of being inactive | PDF (199 KB)

p759 | doi:10.1038/nrm2265

Exporting RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Alwin Köhler & Ed Hurt

p761 | doi:10.1038/nrm2255

Different classes of RNA molecules are synthesized in the eukaryotic nucleus and are exported through nuclear pore complexes to the cytoplasm by mobile export receptors. Small RNAs follow relatively simple export routes, whereas large RNAs assemble into complex ribonucleoproteins and require specific adaptor proteins.

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• Supplementary information

AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of cellular energy

D. Grahame Hardie

p774 | doi:10.1038/nrm2249

Maintaining the balance between ATP production and consumption is essential for cell survival. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that, when energy levels are low, stimulates catabolism to produce ATP and inhibits biosynthesis and proliferation to conserve ATP.

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Melanosomes — dark organelles enlighten endosomal membrane transport

Graça Raposo & Michael S. Marks

p786 | doi:10.1038/nrm2258

Recent studies on melanosome formation have provided insights into novel aspects of endosomal sorting that are involved in cell physiology, organelle biogenesis and amyloid formation. Genetic disorders that affect the formation of melanosomes and other lysosome-related organelles are revealing the molecular machinery that controls specialized sorting events.

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Chromosomal passengers: conducting cell division

Sandrine Ruchaud, Mar Carmena & William C. Earnshaw

p798 | doi:10.1038/nrm2257

The chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) orchestrates mitosis and meiosis at several different levels to ensure the accurate distribution of the genetic material to the daughter cells. Its functions range from the regulation of kinetochore–microtubule attachments to sister chromatid cohesion and cytokinesis.

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ROS as signalling molecules: mechanisms that generate specificity in ROS homeostasis

Benoît D'Autréaux & Michel B. Toledano

p813 | doi:10.1038/nrm2256

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be toxic but also function as signalling molecules. Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms that regulate ROS homeostasis and provide specificity in ROS signalling from prokaryotes to mammals.

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How telomeres are replicated

Eric Gilson & Vincent Géli

p825 | doi:10.1038/nrm2259

The replication of telomeres poses unique problems, which the cell solves through specific mechanisms that coordinate the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands at telomeres. These mechanisms integrate the conventional replication machinery, telomere maintenance systems, DNA response pathways and chromosomal organization.

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