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Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, 805–815 (1 October 2004) | doi:10.1038/nrm1491

Connecting proliferation and apoptosis in development and disease

David R. Hipfner & Stephen M. Cohen

Cells grow and divide rapidly during embryonic and postnatal development. Net tissue growth reflects the balance between the addition of new cells and the elimination of existing cells by programmed cell death. Cells compete for growth and survival factors to ensure an appropriate balance between the addition and elimination of cells. Elaborate mechanisms ensure that cells do not evade these constraints, and thereby prevent uncontrolled proliferation.