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Sizun Jiang (while in the Garry Nolan lab) describes a method termed PANINI that allows simultaneous detection of nucleic acids at low copy numbers and protein markers in intact tissues, offering valuable insights into virus–immune system interactions and beyond.
A study in Science reports 10 individuals with pre-TCRα deficiency who have late-onset or no clinical phenotype, which suggests that αβ T cells can develop through a pre-TCRα-independent, non-canonical rescue pathway.
Haematological malignancies are associated with inflammation in the bone marrow. In this Review, the authors discuss how tumour-associated inflammation affects the normal functions of the bone marrow and supports the outgrowth and survival of malignant cells. Moreover, they describe how the inflammatory changes in the bone marrow differ in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies.
This Review explains how cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The author highlights the cytokine-targeting drugs that are already being successfully used in the clinic and discusses the potential of other cytokine-modulating drugs in IBD.
In this Perspective article, Ley and colleagues explain the association between atherosclerosis and the loss of tolerance to self-proteins. They discuss why re-establishing immune tolerance could improve outcomes for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Acute infection and other insults cause extensive remodelling in the bone marrow to drive the production of new blood cells, often prioritizing the production of mature myeloid cells at the expense of other blood cell types. Here, the authors describe how haematopoiesis is affected by acute demand and how this can contribute to inflammatory disease and cancer when dysregulated.
A preprint by Zhou et al. shows that the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in patients with cancer does not depend on the presence of tumour-draining lymph nodes, as their role is taken over by more distant lymph nodes.
Re-exposure to a previously encountered antigen leads to robust antibody responses and the formation of ‘recall’ germinal centres. A preprint by Schiepers et al. shows that antibody feedback in these germinal centres ensures the maturation of naive B cells that can target escape epitopes.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Giulia Adriani and Andrea Pavesi describe a new microfluidic device that supports the generation of vascularized 3D tumour models.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Zülal Cibir and Matthias Gunzer introduce their multi-lens array microscope called ComplexEye that allows high-throughput analysis of cell migration.
Immune responses to pathogens and self-antigens show sex-based differences, with female individuals generally more susceptible to autoimmunity and male individuals more vulnerable to infections. In this Review, the authors explore the role of hormones and genetics in shaping immune responses, and discuss genetic and epigenetic contributions to altered X-linked gene expression that affect immune responses.
In this Review, the authors discuss the origins of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the periphery and the mechanisms by which Treg cells are induced, as well as the regulation of the suppressive function of these cells. Moreover, they examine evidence for and mechanisms of Treg cell dysfunction in common autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
This Review highlights new insights into the biology of inflammasomes from the perspective of structural and mechanistic studies, revealing how the supramolecular complexes that activate inflammatory caspases are assembled and regulated, to induce cytokine maturation and release, as well as pyroptotic cell death.