Table of contents
August 2008 Vol 8 No 8
From the editors
p569 | doi:10.1038/nri2392
Research Highlights
Lymphocyte responses: A new role for IL-21 revealed | PDF (1,382 KB)
p570 | doi:10.1038/nri2384
In brief
Neuroimmunology | Immune regulation | T-cell memory | PDF (96 KB)
p571 | doi:10.1038/nri2385
T-cell activation: Adaptive cholesterol | PDF (268 KB)
p571 | doi:10.1038/nri2389
Web Watch
Teaching on the attack | PDF (77 KB)
p572 | doi:10.1038/nri2386
Inflammation: A crucial cut | PDF (233 KB)
p572 | doi:10.1038/nri2387
HIV: Editing HIV entry | PDF (363 KB)
p572 | doi:10.1038/nri2388
In brief
Tumour biology | B-cell responses | HIV | PDF (95 KB)
p573 | doi:10.1038/nri2391
Parasite Immunity: How T cells see Toxo | PDF (297 KB)
p574 | doi:10.1038/nri2382
T-cell responses: The foundations of 
T-cell effector fate | PDF
(127 KB)
p574 | doi:10.1038/nri2383
B cells: The pre-BCR shows its negative side | PDF (168 KB)
p575 | doi:10.1038/nri2380
T cells: Two faces of EAE | PDF (130 KB)
p576 | doi:10.1038/nri2390
Inflammation: Lysosomes spill the signal | PDF (251 KB)
p576 | doi:10.1038/nri2393
Progress
New roles for TIM family members in immune regulation
Vijay K. Kuchroo, Valerie Dardalhon, Sheng Xiao & Ana C. Anderson
p577 | doi:10.1038/nri2366
The TIM (T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain) proteins are emerging as important regulators of immune responses. The recent identification of TIM-protein expression by antigen-presenting cells and new TIM-protein ligands is revealing new roles for these proteins.
Reviews
WNT signalling in the immune system: WNT is spreading its wings
Frank J. T. Staal, Tiago C. Luis & Machteld M. Tiemessen
p581 | doi:10.1038/nri2360
This Review covers the recently discovered roles of WNT proteins in the regulation of haematopoietic stem-cell fate, T- and B-cell development and activation, and dendritic-cell maturation. These new immunohaematological functions of WNT proteins have implications for the development of haematological malignancies.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases
Michel Gilliet, Wei Cao & Yong-Jun Liu
p594 | doi:10.1038/nri2358
By sensing viral nucleic acids and producing type I interferons, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are key mediators of antiviral immunity. But pDCs might also contribute to autoimmune disease by responding to self nucleic acids. Here, pDC mechanisms of action and modes of regulation are reviewed.
The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation
Jatin M. Vyas, Annemarthe G. Van der Veen & Hidde L. Ploegh
p607 | doi:10.1038/nri2368
The pathways of antigen processing and presentation are well known, but how do antigens gain access to MHC molecules in dendritic cells and what is the role of autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum dislocation and Toll-like receptors in these pathways?
Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication
Philip J. R. Goulder & David I. Watkins
p619 | doi:10.1038/nri2357
The outcome of HIV infection is strongly influenced by the particular HLA genes expressed by the infected individual. Here, the authors draw on this association to evaluate what might constitute an effective CD8+ T-cell response and how it might guide vaccine design.
Genome-wide association studies: a new window into immune-mediated diseases
Ramnik J. Xavier & John D. Rioux
p631 | doi:10.1038/nri2361
With the identification of more disease-susceptibility genes than ever before, 2007 is thought of by many human geneticists as the year of genome-wide association studies. In this Review, the authors discuss how this powerful approach continues to reveal new information about the susceptibility and pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases.
Innate immune modulation by RNA viruses: emerging insights from functional genomics
Michael G. Katze, Jamie L. Fornek, Robert E. Palermo, Kathie-Anne Walters & Marcus J. Korth
p644 | doi:10.1038/nri2377
By providing a global view of the host response to infection, functional genomic approaches are proving useful in deciphering complex virus–host interactions. Here, the authors reveal how such approaches are being used to better understand viral triggering and regulation of host innate immune responses.