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This Review highlights how understanding the mechanisms by which viruses evade and subvert host signalling by pattern-recognition receptors has provided insights into the function of these signalling pathways, the host proteins that are involved and ways in which the pathways might be manipulated therapeutically.
This Review discusses how immune and inflammatory pathways are integrated with those that sense and manage nutrients, dysfunction of which underlies many chronic metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.
Our understanding of the origin, phenotype and function of epidermal Langerhans cells and langerin-expressing dendritic cells has expanded in recent years, details of which, as well as the challenges that remain, are discussed in this Review.
This Review focuses on the structural domains of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein, its nuclear localization, and its role in histone binding and transcriptional elongation, which help to explain the crucial involvement of AIRE in the negative selection of T cells in the thymus.
By proposing new criteria by which macrophage populations can be classified based on functions that are involved in maintaining homeostasis, this Review provides a framework to further elucidate the functions of these cells and their role in disease.
Immunotherapy for cancer sometimes has autoimmune complications, and immunotherapy for autoimmunity can compromise microbial defence and immunosurveillance. In this article, Rachel Caspi explores the potential penalties of successful immunotherapeutic approaches and highlights the need for more specific modalities.
