Abstract

Neutrophil recruitment, lymphocyte recirculation and monocyte trafficking all require adhesion and transmigration through blood-vessel walls. The traditional three steps of rolling, activation and firm adhesion have recently been augmented and refined. Slow rolling, adhesion strengthening, intraluminal crawling and paracellular and transcellular migration are now recognized as separate, additional steps. In neutrophils, a second activation pathway has been discovered that does not require signalling through G-protein-coupled receptors and the signalling steps leading to integrin activation are beginning to emerge. This Review focuses on new aspects of one of the central paradigms of inflammation and immunity — the leukocyte adhesion cascade.

Author affiliations

1. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
2. Department of Pathology and Center for Biomedical Computing, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy.
3. Toronto General Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada.
4. Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, London, EC1M 68Q, UK.

Correspondence to: Klaus Ley¹ Email: klausley@virginia.edu or Email: klaus@liai.org

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