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This Review details the key roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating immune cell development and function. The authors describe how miRNAs govern cell fate decisions during haematopoiesis and discuss how aberrant miRNA expression can lead to pathologies such as autoimmunity and cancer.
Intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregcells) are distinct from those in other organs and function to maintain tolerance to harmless dietary antigens and commensal microorganisms. The unique features of these cells, as well as the signals involved in their development and maintenance, are discussed in this Review.
In this Review, the authors describe the diversity and characteristics of tissue-resident human natural killer cells, with focus on those found in the liver, uterus and lungs. They also discuss important unresolved questions and future challenges in the field.
In this Review, the authors detail the diverse roles of host defence peptides (HDPs) in innate immunity and their association with inflammatory diseases. They highlight the complexity of the immune signalling pathways that are influenced by natural and synthetic HDPs and show that systems biology approaches are important to understand this complexity.