Volume 16 Issue 1, January 2016

An intronic element ofFoxp3 facilitates the selection of T_Regcells with a diverse TCR repertoire for effective self-tolerance.

T cell receptor-stimulated regulatory T cells cluster with self-reactive T cells to receive signals from interleukin-2 and maintain immune homeostasis.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies T helper 17 cell heterogeneity and regulators of pathogenicity.

Sarah Gaffen describes a 2006 paper by Toyet al. that elucidated the subunit composition of the receptor for IL-17.

Tolerance to commensal skin microorganisms relies on early bacterial colonization and an influx of regulatory T cells into neonatal skin.

Two papers inSciencepresent evidence in mice that certain species of intestinal bacteria can drive antitumour immune responses and modulate responses to immune checkpoint blockade.

Accumulating data are highlighting new roles for the caspase family of cysteine proteases beyond their well-established functions in apoptosis and inflammation. This Review describes these emerging roles for caspases in mediating distinct forms of programmed cell death and directing inflammasome and innate immune responses.

In this Review, the authors relate the growing appreciation of the neuroimmune circuits that link inflammatory and immune responses with depressive behaviours. They explore the evolutionary basis of this neuroimmune link and discuss how a better understanding of these pathways may lead to new therapies that treat depression by targeting the immune system.

Signalling by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is finely tuned by many regulators and amplifiers, and a complex interplay between PRR pathways and other immune receptor pathways helps to ensure that appropriate immune defence pathways are initiated and coordinated. Xuetao Cao describes some of the latest advances in this complex regulation.

Here, the authors detail our current understanding of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a family of endogenous mediators that have important roles in promoting the resolution of inflammation. With a focus on the lungs, they discuss the contribution of SPMs to infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases and their emerging therapeutic potential.