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This article describes the immunological functions of the scavenger receptors. The authors focus on the structural properties that enable these receptors to respond to a diverse range of both self and non-self ligands. They also discuss the contribution of scavenger receptors to inflammatory diseases.
This Review describes the recent insights that have been made from studying primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs). Notably, patients with gene mutations that lead to PIDs often show very different disease phenotypes from those predicted from studies of gene-deficient mice. Thus, these individuals are an invaluable resource for increasing our understanding of human immunology.
Metalloproteinases are the unsung modifiers of immune responses. Among other activities, they regulate several key signalling pathways, modify the availability of chemokines and influence innate and adaptive immune cell function. As the authors highlight, a lack of these crucial enzymes has dramatic immunological consequences.
Intensive research in recent years has highlighted the important and complex roles of microRNAs in the many aspects of T cell biology. In this Review, the authors describe the involvement of microRNAs in the regulatory networks that determine T helper cell fate, function and plasticity, and in the maintenance of immune tolerance.
This Review summarizes our current understanding of the regulation and function of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in innate immunity, as well as the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate MAPK activation and the potential of targeting MAPK pathways for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
In this Opinion article, the authors provide an overview of the recent work that has been carried out investigating broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies and their thoughts on the future prospects of the antibody-based prevention of HIV-1 infection.
