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This Review describes how next-generation sequencing has enriched our knowledge of how STAT proteins regulate cytokine-mediated T helper cell differentiation through direct DNA binding and by affecting epigenetic modifications.
This Review provides a very accessible summary of the mechanisms of V(D)J recombination, including the role of the chromatin architecture and histone modifications in determining accessibility for RAG (recombination activating gene) protein binding. The authors discuss potential models for RAG specificity and summarize the major outstanding questions in this field.
Platelets are well known as mediators of haemostasis, but their roles in immunity are less well appreciated. Here, the authors relate the diverse immune functions of platelets and discuss how these anucleate cells can promote both innate and adaptive immune responses.
In this article, Luigina Romani describes the immune mechanisms that have evolved to recognize and respond to fungi. She explains how the failure of either pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic immune responses can lead to the development of fungal diseases.
This article describes the molecular mechanisms involved in T cell senescence and T cell exhaustion, and proposes that these states are controlled by distinct molecular pathways. Blocking exhaustion rather than senescence may be a safer way to enhance immunity to persistent infections and in ageing.