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γδ T cells have innate cell-like attributes that allow them to rapidly produce cytokines and become cytotoxic in response to cell stress and infection. Here, the authors describe how they acquire these effector functions through both developmental programming and polarization in the periphery.
The discovery of IL-17-producing T cells has revolutionized our understanding of autoimmune diseases. However, much of the IL-17 released during an immune response is produced before T cells can be activated. Here, Daniel Cua and Cristina Tato describe the cellular sources, transcriptional regulation and physiological relevance of this early IL-17 production.
In this article, the authors describe the development, phenotype and suppressive function of human regulatory T cell populations. There has been much emphasis on the clinical use of these cells, and the associated progresses and pitfalls are discussed here.
Here, the authors describe the complex interactions between cells of the innate immune system, the implications of these interactions for activation of adaptive immune cells and pancreatic β-cell death and the impact of infectious agents on these processes.
How can infection with the same virus have different outcomes in different individuals? Here, the authors describe how the outcome is influenced by virus properties, the circumstances of infection and host factors, such as immune regulatory mechanisms and genetic susceptibility.
This Opinion article describes the newly discovered conserved immunological and structural features of the sequence-variable regions of HIV-1 gp120, which the authors suggest warrant the reappraisal of these regions as vaccine targets.
