This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
The Role of Extracellular DNA and Histones in Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Myocardium
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy Open Access 15 February 2020
-
Genomic regions and pathways associated with gastrointestinal parasites resistance in Santa Inês breed adapted to tropical climate
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology Open Access 04 September 2017
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Darwin, C. On the Origin of Species (John Murray, London, 1859).
Janeway, C. A. Jr & Medzhitov, R. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20, 197–216 (2002).
Hoffmann, J. A., Kafatos, F. C., Janeway, C. A. & Ezekowitz, R. A. Science 284, 1313–1318 (1999).
Hoebe, K., Janssen, E. & Beutler, B. Nature Immunol. 5, 971–974 (2004).
Abi-Rached, L. & Parham, P. J. Exp. Med. 201, 1319–1332 (2005).
Pancer, Z. et al. Nature 430, 174–180 (2004).
Alder, M. N. et al. Nature Immunol. 9, 319–327 (2008).
Guo, P. et al. Nature 459, 796–801 (2009).
Alder, M. N. et al. Science 310, 1970–1973 (2005).
Nagawa, F. et al. Nature Immunol. 8, 206–213 (2007).
Rogozin, I. B. et al. Nature Immunol. 8, 647–656 (2007).
Herrin, B. R. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2040–2045 (2008).
Ohno, S. Evolution by Gene Duplication (Springer, Berlin, 1970).
Putnam, N. H. et al. Nature 453, 1064–1071 (2008).
Mayer, W. E. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14350–14355 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Supplementary information
Supplementary information S1 (figure)
(PDF 120 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cooper, M., Herrin, B. How did our complex immune system evolve?. Nat Rev Immunol 10, 2–3 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2686
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2686
This article is cited by
-
The Role of Extracellular DNA and Histones in Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Myocardium
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy (2020)
-
New insights into the immune functions of complement
Nature Reviews Immunology (2019)
-
Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish
Molecular Biotechnology (2018)
-
How and why do T cells and their derived cytokines affect the injured and healthy brain?
Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2017)
-
MHC and adaptive immunity in teleost fishes
Immunogenetics (2017)