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Gene expression is regulated by an intricate interplay of many factors at different levels. To understand how the currently observed expression patterns have evolved, we need to understand the evolution of the individual regulators and the complex regulatory networks that they form.
A dynamic view of nuclear function is emerging, in which genomic regions undergo repositioning relative to each other and to nuclear subcompartments. Increasing evidence points to an important contribution of these movements in the regulation of gene expression.
Variation in life-history strategies is a target for natural selection, and there are many trade-offs between optimal values for different life-history traits. Genomic approaches are starting to contribute to our understanding of the mechanistic basis of these trade-offs.
The structure and function of many tissues depends on cells being polarized along several axes. Frizzled/planar cell polarity signalling is a conserved mechanism that establishes such polarity in cells through the asymmetric distribution of its components.
Theories of how sex evolved are now being explored experimentally, particularly regarding the roles of epistasis and drift. Although a generalizable theory remains elusive, new models, including theories that involve genetic architecture and robustness, are helping to understand the available evidence.
To ensure that the benefits of genomics reach all patients, primary health-care providers must be fully aware of current genomic and genetic issues and technologies. This article looks at what needs to be done to achieve this.
Translational research for rare genetic diseases often suffers from a lack of funding. Advocacy groups that support individuals who are affected by such conditions are well placed to motivate and coordinate research that is aimed squarely at generating translational advances.
